Abstract
Chilling stress may reduce plant growth by affecting physiological and metabolic processes.It is well known that that a symbiotic association of plant roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) improves plant cold tolerance and related studies have received extensive attention during the last decade.Root colonization by AMF might strengthen the ability of cold tolerance in plants through attenuating membrane lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane permeability,and increasing osmolyte accumulation as well.Among a large number of vegetable crops which could be infected by AM fungi,cucumber is relatively easy to establish symbiotic associations with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae(VAM).Previous studies have reported the relief of chilling stress through the use of AMF.However,these were more focused on plant growth and chlorophyll parameters.The biochemical mechanism underlying AMF-mediated low temperature tolerance in vegetable crops warrants further in depth investigation.Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated with respects to assimilate accumulation,photosynthetic rate,carboxylation efficiency,activities of antioxidant enzymes and related gene expression.AMF inoculums used in this study consisted of spores,soil,hyphae and infected maize root fragment from a stock culture of Glomus mossea-2,which were propagated by AMF inoculums.The experimental design consisted of four treatments crossing two mycorrhizal inoculations levels(non-AMF and Glomus mossea-2) with two temperature levels(25/15℃,15/10℃).The inoculated dosage was 20 g of inoculums per pot containing.Repeat 3 times for each treatment,10 plants per replicate.The results showed that mycorrhizal colonization abilities and mycorrhizal dependency were significantly inhibited by low temperature.Fungal growth accelerated considerably during the period from 30 d to 45 d after inoculation with AMF.At 45 d after inoculation,mycorrhizal colonization ratio on cucumber roots was 42.68% and 32.15% under room temperature and low temperature,respectively,Mycorrhizal dependency was 21.42% and 5.46% under room temperature and low temperature respectively and this indicated a significant reduction in low temperature(P0.05).Regardless of the temperature,the root-shoot ratio,total dry weight and fresh weight of AMF inoculated seedlings were significantly higher than that of the non-AMF control(P0.05).The photosynthesis,root activity,carboxylation efficiency,contents of chlorophyll and soluble proteins increased by 23.67%,29.13%,33.10% and 11.78% compared with the control under low temperature.Moreover,Malondialdehyde content stayed at relatively low level in AMF-treated seedlings.On the other hand,the AMF treatment enhanced the activities and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes.Superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) expressions of the AMF-inoculated seedlings were increased by 1.35,1.44,1.70,2.46 folds respectively compared with CK1.Under chilling stress,the expression levels of SOD,G-POD,CAT and APX genes in the AMF-inoculated seedling were increased by 1.68,1.37,1.52 and 1.83 folds respectively in control under normal temperature(CK1) compared with those under low temperature(CK2).These results indicated that antioxidant enzymes might play a crucial role in AMF-mediated tolerance to chilling stress,thereby maintaining a high photosynthetic capacity in cucumber seedlings.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature significantly inhibited mycorrhizal colonization of cucumber roots by AM fungi (42.68% and 32.15% at room and low temperature)
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- low temperaturee1
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonization ratio on cucumber rootse2
- Direction
- significantly inhibitede1
- Value
- 42.68% and 32.15%e2
- Comparator
- room temperaturee2
- Setting
- greenhouse conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated”
e1“mycorrhizal colonization abilities and mycorrhizal dependency were significantly inhibited by low temperature”
e2“mycorrhizal colonization ratio on cucumber roots was 42.68% and 32.15% under room temperature and low temperature,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature significantly inhibited mycorrhizal dependency of cucumber (21.42% at room temperature, 5.46% at low temperature)
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee1
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal dependencye1
- Direction
- significantly inhibitede1
- Value
- 21.42% and 5.46%e3
- Comparator
- room temperaturee3
- Setting
- greenhouse conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated”
e1“mycorrhizal colonization abilities and mycorrhizal dependency were significantly inhibited by low temperature”
e3“Mycorrhizal dependency was 21.42% and 5.46% under room temperature and low temperature respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi inoculation significantly increased root-shoot ratio, total dry weight and fresh weight of cucumber seedlings compared with non-AMF controls, regardless of temperature
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- root-shoot ratio,total dry weight and fresh weighte4
- Direction
- significantly highere4
- Comparator
- non-AMF controle4
- Setting
- greenhouse conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated”
e4“Regardless of the temperature,the root-shoot ratio,total dry weight and fresh weight of AMF inoculated seedlings were significantly higher than that of the non-AMF control”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low temperature, AMF-inoculated cucumber had 23.67% to 33.10% higher photosynthesis, root activity, carboxylation efficiency, chlorophyll and soluble protein contents than the control
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee5
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthesis,root activity,carboxylation efficiency,contents of chlorophyll and soluble proteinse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 23.67%,29.13%,33.10% and 11.78%e5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated”
e5“The photosynthesis,root activity,carboxylation efficiency,contents of chlorophyll and soluble proteins increased by 23.67%,29.13%,33.10% and 11.78% compared with the control under low temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-treated cucumber seedlings kept malondialdehyde content at a relatively low level
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde contente6
- Direction
- lowerinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated”
e6“Malondialdehyde content stayed at relatively low level in AMF-treated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF treatment enhanced the activities and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes in cucumber seedlings
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- AMF treatmente7
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- activities and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymese7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated”
e7“the AMF treatment enhanced the activities and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-inoculated cucumber seedlings showed 1.35, 1.44, 1.70 and 2.46 fold increased expression of SOD, POD, CAT and APX compared with CK1
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- AMF-inoculated seedlingse1
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) expressionse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.35,1.44,1.70,2.46 foldse1
- Comparator
- CK1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated”
e1“Superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) expressions of the AMF-inoculated seedlings were increased by 1.35,1.44,1.70,2.46 folds respectively compared with CK1”
Claim · model-written summary
Under chilling stress, AMF-inoculated cucumber under normal temperature (CK1) had 1.68, 1.37, 1.52 and 1.83 fold higher expression of SOD, G-POD, CAT and APX genes than under low temperature (CK2)
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- chilling stresse1
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- expression levels of SOD,G-POD,CAT and APX genese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.68,1.37,1.52 and 1.83 foldse1
- Comparator
- those under low temperature(CK2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated”
e1“Under chilling stress,the expression levels of SOD,G-POD,CAT and APX genes in the AMF-inoculated seedling were increased by 1.68,1.37,1.52 and 1.83 folds respectively in control under normal temperature(CK1) compared with those under low temperature(CK2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzymes might play a crucial role in AMF-mediated tolerance to chilling stress in cucumber
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF-mediated tolerance to chilling stresse1
- Qualifier
- antioxidant enzymes might play a crucial rolee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse condition,the combined effects of AM fungi and low temperature on cucumber seedlings were investigated”
e1“antioxidant enzymes might play a crucial role in AMF-mediated tolerance to chilling stress”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · Glomeromycota · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.