Abstract
Based on field plot experiments in the Ansai region, Shaanxi Province, the paper analyzed net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency in soybean leaves at full-bloom stage under different tillage and fertilization. The LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used in the analysis. The treatments included plow tillage with chemical fertilizer (CF), plow tillage with organic fertilizer (CM), non-fertilized plow tillage (CN), fertilized no-tillage (NF), no-tillage with organic manure (NM) and non-fertilized no-tillage (NN). The results show that diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of soybean follows the typical bimodal curve in the different treatments; peaking at 11:30 and 16:00. NM and NF treatments, especially NM, significantly enhance net photosynthetic rate of soybean. A significant correlation exists between stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate (P0.01), with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 4. Diurnal variation of stomatal conductance is also a bimodal, peaking at 11:30 and 16:00. In different treatments, water-use efficiency of soybean follows a uni-peak curve, highest at 10:00 and lowest after 13:00. NM and NF treatments have a significantly enhancing effect on soybean water-use efficiency. Correlation analysis shows that stomatal conductance (Cond), evaporation ratio (Tr), leaf temperature (Tl), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and supplemental vapor pressure deficit (Vpdl, based leave temperature) are positive factors of photosynthesis in soybean. On the other hand, inter-cell CO_2 concentration (Ci), air CO_2 concentration (CO_2R) and air relative humidity (RH-R) mainly limit photosynthesis in soybean. CF NF at 8:30~10:20 and 13:00; CM NN at 8:30, 11:30~13:00 17:30; and CN NM at 8:30 13:30 have significant correlation between impacting factors and net photosynthetic rate, with a correlation coefficient of ±0.9. The optimum management modes for growing soybean in dry farmlands on the Hilly Loess region are NM and NF.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthetic rate had a bimodal diurnal curve, peaking at 11:30 and 16:00.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Value
- 11:30 and 16:00e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of soybean follows the typical bimodal curve in the different treatments; peaking at 11:30 and 16:00”
Claim · model-written summary
NM significantly enhanced soybean net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- NMe0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NM and NF treatments, especially NM, significantly enhance net photosynthetic rate of soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
NF significantly enhanced soybean net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- NFe0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NM and NF treatments, especially NM, significantly enhance net photosynthetic rate of soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate were significantly correlated at coefficient 0.999 4.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- full-bloom staget0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Value
- 0.999 4e0
- Qualifier
- stomatal conductancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant correlation exists between stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate (P0.01), with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 4”
t0“soybean at full-bloom stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance had a bimodal curve with peaks at 11:30 and 16:00.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Value
- 11:30 and 16:00e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diurnal variation of stomatal conductance is also a bimodal, peaking at 11:30 and 16:00”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-use efficiency followed a single-peak curve, highest at 10:00 and lowest after 13:00.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10:00e0
- Qualifier
- lowest after 13:00e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water-use efficiency of soybean follows a uni-peak curve, highest at 10:00 and lowest after 13:00”
Claim · model-written summary
NM significantly enhanced soybean water-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- NMe0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NM and NF treatments have a significantly enhancing effect on soybean water-use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
NF significantly enhanced soybean water-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- NFe0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NM and NF treatments have a significantly enhancing effect on soybean water-use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance, evaporation ratio and leaf temperature were positive photosynthesis factors.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- stomatal conductance (Cond), evaporation ratio (Tr), leaf temperature (Tl)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomatal conductance (Cond), evaporation ratio (Tr), leaf temperature (Tl), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and supplemental vapor pressure deficit (Vpdl, based leave temperature) are positive factors of photosynthesis in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetically active radiation and supplemental vapor pressure deficit were positive photosynthesis factors.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and supplemental vapor pressure deficit (Vpdl, based leave temperature)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and supplemental vapor pressure deficit (Vpdl, based leave temperature) are positive factors of photosynthesis in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inter-cell and air CO2 concentration and relative humidity limited soybean photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Compound
- CO_2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- limite0
- Qualifier
- inter-cell CO_2 concentration (Ci), air CO_2 concentration (CO_2R) and air relative humidity (RH-R)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inter-cell CO_2 concentration (Ci), air CO_2 concentration (CO_2R) and air relative humidity (RH-R) mainly limit photosynthesis in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Impacting factors and net photosynthetic rate had significant correlations in specified treatment-time groups, with coefficient ±0.9.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CF NFe0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Value
- ±0.9e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CF NF at 8:30~10:20 and 13:00; CM NN at 8:30, 11:30~13:00 17:30; and CN NM at 8:30 13:30 have significant correlation between impacting factors and net photosynthetic rate, with a correlation coefficient of ±0.9”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
NM and NF were recommended as optimum management modes for soybean in dry Hilly Loess farmland.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- NM and NFe0
- Setting
- dry farmlands on the Hilly Loess regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum management modes for growing soybean in dry farmlands on the Hilly Loess region are NM and NF”
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