Abstract
【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the grain quality under different non-flooded cultivations for seedling-raising and -transplanting rice and its relationship with the concentrations of hormones in grains during grain filling. 【Method】Two rice cultivars, Zhendao 88 (japonica) and Yangdao 6 (indica), were used as materials. Four treatments, traditional flooding (TF), bare and non-flooded cultivation (BN), non-flooded plastic film mulching (PM) and non-flooded wheat-straw mulching (SM), were conducted during the whole growth season. 【Result】Compared with TF, both BN and PM significantly reduced grain yield, whereas there was no significant difference in the yield between TF and SM. SM significantly reduced the percentage of chalky kernels, chalkiness and setback value, while markedly increased gel consistency, alkali spreading value and breakdown value. The effects of BN and PM on the above quality traits were opposite to those of SM. No significant differences were observed in amylose content and protein content among the four treatments. The two cultivars behaved the same.Concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA1+GA4) and zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains differed little among the treatments at the early grain filing stage, and showed SMTFPMBN at the mid and late filling stages. Ethylene evolution rate of grains exhibited BNPMTFSM. There were no significant differences in abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in grains among the TF, PM and SM during the grain filling period. BN had the lowest ABA concentration at the early filling stage, whereas had the highest concentration at the mid and late filling stages among the all treatments. Concentrations of IAA and GA1 + GA4 at the mid and late filling stages, ABA concentrations at the early and mid filling stage and Z + ZR concentrations during the whole grain filling period significantly or very significantly and positively correlated with grain weight, brown rice, milled rice and breakdown value (r = 0.71*-0.96**), and negatively correlated with setback value (r =-0.76*--0.91**). Concentrations of IAA and Z + ZR at the late filling stage significantly or very significantly and negatively correlated with the percentage of chalky kernels and chalkiness (r =-073*--0.85**). The ethylene evolution rates at each filling stage significantly or very significantly and negatively correlated with grain weight, brown rice, milled rice, alkali spreading value and breakdown value (r = -0.71*--0.91**), and positively correlated with the percentage of chalky kernels, chalkiness and setback value (r = 0.73*-0.93**). 【Conclusion】The results demonstrate that SM improves, whereas BN and PM degrade, rice quality. Decrease in the concentration of promotive hormones and increase in ethylene production in grains during grain filling account for the poor milling quality and appearance quality under BN and PM conditions.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
BN reduced rice grain yield versus TF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with TF, both BN and PM significantly reduced grain yield, whereas there was no significant difference in the yield between TF and SM.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PM reduced rice grain yield versus TF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with TF, both BN and PM significantly reduced grain yield, whereas there was no significant difference in the yield between TF and SM.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SM and TF did not significantly differ in rice yield.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- SMe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- TFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with TF, both BN and PM significantly reduced grain yield, whereas there was no significant difference in the yield between TF and SM.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SM reduced percentage of chalky kernels, chalkiness and setback value.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SMe0
- Outcome
- percentage of chalky kernels, chalkiness and setback valuee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SM significantly reduced the percentage of chalky kernels, chalkiness and setback value, while markedly increased gel consistency, alkali spreading value and breakdown value.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SM increased gel consistency, alkali spreading value and breakdown value.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SMe0
- Outcome
- gel consistency, alkali spreading value and breakdown valuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SM significantly reduced the percentage of chalky kernels, chalkiness and setback value, while markedly increased gel consistency, alkali spreading value and breakdown value.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BN had effects on rice quality traits opposite to SM.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of BN and PM on the above quality traits were opposite to those of SM.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PM had effects on rice quality traits opposite to SM.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of BN and PM on the above quality traits were opposite to those of SM.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylose and protein content did not differ significantly among treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- four treatmentse0
- Outcome
- amylose content and protein contente0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences were observed in amylose content and protein content among the four treatments.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The two rice cultivars behaved similarly.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- two cultivarse0
- Outcome
- behaved the samee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two cultivars behaved the same.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA, gibberellin and zeatin concentrations differed little among treatments early in grain filling.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- early grain filing stagee0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA1+GA4) and zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR) in grainse0
- Direction
- differed littlee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA1+GA4) and zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains differed little among the treatments at the early grain filing stage, and showed SMTFPMBN at the mid and late filling stages.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At mid and late filling, grain IAA, gibberellin and zeatin concentrations followed the reported SM–TF–PM–BN ordering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- mid and late filling stagese0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA1+GA4) and zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR) in grainse0
- Qualifier
- SMTFPMBNe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA1+GA4) and zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains differed little among the treatments at the early grain filing stage, and showed SMTFPMBN at the mid and late filling stages.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain ethylene evolution followed the reported BN–PM–TF–SM ordering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Ethylene evolution rate of grainse0
- Qualifier
- BNPMTFSMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene evolution rate of grains exhibited BNPMTFSM.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain ABA concentrations did not differ significantly among TF, PM and SM.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- grain filling periode0
- Treatment
- TF, PM and SMe0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in grainse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in grains among the TF, PM and SM during the grain filling period.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BN had the lowest ABA concentration early in grain filling.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- early filling stagee0
- Treatment
- BNe0
- Outcome
- ABA concentratione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BN had the lowest ABA concentration at the early filling stage, whereas had the highest concentration at the mid and late filling stages among the all treatments.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BN had the highest ABA concentration at mid and late grain filling.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- mid and late filling stagese0
- Treatment
- BNe0
- Outcome
- ABA concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BN had the lowest ABA concentration at the early filling stage, whereas had the highest concentration at the mid and late filling stages among the all treatments.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Specified grain hormone concentrations positively correlated with grain weight, brown rice, milled rice and breakdown value.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- IAA and GA1 + GA4e0
- Outcome
- grain weight, brown rice, milled rice and breakdown valuee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- r = 0.71*-0.96**e0
- Qualifier
- ABA concentrations at the early and mid filling stage and Z + ZR concentrations during the whole grain filling periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of IAA and GA1 + GA4 at the mid and late filling stages, ABA concentrations at the early and mid filling stage and Z + ZR concentrations during the whole grain filling period significantly or very significantly and positively correlated with grain weight, brown rice, milled rice and breakdown value (r = 0.71*-0.96**), and negatively correlated with setback value (r =-0.76*--0.91**).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Specified grain hormone concentrations negatively correlated with setback value.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- IAA and GA1 + GA4e0
- Outcome
- setback valuee0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- r =-0.76*--0.91**e0
- Qualifier
- ABA concentrations at the early and mid filling stage and Z + ZR concentrations during the whole grain filling periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of IAA and GA1 + GA4 at the mid and late filling stages, ABA concentrations at the early and mid filling stage and Z + ZR concentrations during the whole grain filling period significantly or very significantly and positively correlated with grain weight, brown rice, milled rice and breakdown value (r = 0.71*-0.96**), and negatively correlated with setback value (r =-0.76*--0.91**).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Late filling IAA and Z + ZR concentrations negatively correlated with chalky kernels and chalkiness.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- late filling stagee0
- Compound
- IAA and Z + ZRe0
- Outcome
- percentage of chalky kernels and chalkinesse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- r =-073*--0.85**e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of IAA and Z + ZR at the late filling stage significantly or very significantly and negatively correlated with the percentage of chalky kernels and chalkiness (r =-073*--0.85**).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene evolution negatively correlated with grain weight, milling measures and breakdown value.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- grain weight, brown rice, milled rice, alkali spreading value and breakdown valuee0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- r = -0.71*--0.91**e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ethylene evolution rates at each filling stage significantly or very significantly and negatively correlated with grain weight, brown rice, milled rice, alkali spreading value and breakdown value (r = -0.71*--0.91**), and positively correlated with the percentage of chalky kernels, chalkiness and setback value (r = 0.73*-0.93**).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene evolution positively correlated with chalkiness and setback value.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- percentage of chalky kernels, chalkiness and setback valuee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- r = 0.73*-0.93**e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ethylene evolution rates at each filling stage significantly or very significantly and negatively correlated with grain weight, brown rice, milled rice, alkali spreading value and breakdown value (r = -0.71*--0.91**), and positively correlated with the percentage of chalky kernels, chalkiness and setback value (r = 0.73*-0.93**).”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
105 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
122 papers more in this group
See all 126 papers →flooding · physiology: hormones · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.