Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of maize nitrogen uptake and utilization and nitrogen regulation effects between two main intercropping systems including maize intercropped with soybean and sweet potato respectively in a four-year field experiment at two major maize producing areas of Sichuan in southwest China. Results showed that maize nitrogen accumulation(A), nitrogen harvest index(HI), nitrogen absorption efficiency(AE), and nitrogen distribution proportion to grain in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping were increased by 7.11%, 2.00%, 7.83%, and 1.76% respectively at maturity, on an average of two experimental sites, but the distribution proportion to leaves and stem/sheath decreased by 5.85% and 2.75% respectively. After strip rotation, maize intercropped with soybean showed obvious advantages even at early growing stage due to the effects of preceding crops on soil nutrients and relay intercropping advantage, with an increase of 11.85% in A and 11.84% in AE on average at maturity. During the key period of nitrogen accumulation, maize nitrogen accumulation was significantly higher when intercropped with soybean under low-nitrogen treatment than that when intercropped with sweet potato. However the resultswere insignificant or even opposite under high-nitrogen treatment. So did the results of nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE), and NRE. NAE, NRE and nitrogen distribution proportion to grain of maize were significantly higher in the treatment with nitrogen application of 180 kg ha–1 when intercropped with soybean, and in the treatment of 180–270 kg ha–1 when intercropped with sweet potato. After flowering stage, nitrogen assimilation amount after anthesis(AANAA) in maize/soybean was higher than that in maize/sweet potato significantly; consequently, nitrogen transfer(NT) and AANAA were higher in both intercropping systems with nitrogen application of 180–270 kg ha–1.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Maize nitrogen accumulation under soybean relay intercropping increased by 7.11%.
- Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Treatment
- maize/soybean relay strip intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulation(A)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.11%e0
- Comparator
- Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systemst0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize nitrogen accumulation(A), nitrogen harvest index(HI), nitrogen absorption efficiency(AE), and nitrogen distribution proportion to grain in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping were increased by 7.11%, 2.00%, 7.83%, and 1.76% respectively at maturity”
t0“Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize nitrogen harvest index under soybean relay intercropping increased by 2.00%.
- Treatment
- maize/soybean relay strip intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- nitrogen harvest index(HI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.00%e0
- Comparator
- Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systemst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen harvest index(HI), nitrogen absorption efficiency(AE), and nitrogen distribution proportion to grain in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping were increased by 7.11%, 2.00%, 7.83%, and 1.76% respectively at maturity”
t0“Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize nitrogen absorption efficiency under soybean relay intercropping increased by 7.83%.
- Treatment
- maize/soybean relay strip intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- nitrogen absorption efficiency(AE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.83%e0
- Comparator
- Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systemst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen absorption efficiency(AE), and nitrogen distribution proportion to grain in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping were increased by 7.11%, 2.00%, 7.83%, and 1.76% respectively at maturity”
t0“Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain nitrogen distribution under soybean relay intercropping increased by 1.76%.
- Treatment
- maize/soybean relay strip intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- nitrogen distribution proportion to graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.76%e0
- Comparator
- Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systemst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen distribution proportion to grain in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping were increased by 7.11%, 2.00%, 7.83%, and 1.76% respectively at maturity”
t0“Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf nitrogen distribution under soybean relay intercropping decreased by 5.85%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the distribution proportion to leaves and stem/sheath decreased by 5.85% and 2.75% respectively”
t0“Maize/Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stem and sheath nitrogen distribution under soybean relay intercropping decreased by 2.75%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the distribution proportion to leaves and stem/sheath decreased by 5.85% and 2.75% respectively”
t0“Maize/Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
After strip rotation, maize nitrogen accumulation with soybean increased by 11.85% at maturity.
- Treatment
- intercropped with soybeane0
- Outcome
- Ae0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 11.85%e0
- Qualifier
- After strip rotatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After strip rotation, maize intercropped with soybean showed obvious advantages even at early growing stage due to the effects of preceding crops on soil nutrients and relay intercropping advantage, with an increase of 11.85% in A and 11.84% in AE on average at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
After strip rotation, maize nitrogen absorption efficiency with soybean increased by 11.84% at maturity.
- Treatment
- intercropped with soybeane0
- Outcome
- AEe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 11.84%e0
- Qualifier
- After strip rotatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After strip rotation, maize intercropped with soybean showed obvious advantages even at early growing stage due to the effects of preceding crops on soil nutrients and relay intercropping advantage, with an increase of 11.85% in A and 11.84% in AE on average at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low nitrogen, maize nitrogen accumulation was significantly higher with soybean than sweet potato.
- Treatment
- intercropped with soybean under low-nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- intercropped with sweet potatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize nitrogen accumulation was significantly higher when intercropped with soybean under low-nitrogen treatment than that when intercropped with sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high nitrogen, the soybean versus sweet potato difference in maize nitrogen accumulation was insignificant or reversed.
- Treatment
- high-nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulatione1
- Direction
- insignificant or even oppositee0
- Comparator
- intercropped with sweet potatoe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However the resultswere insignificant or even opposite under high-nitrogen treatment”
e1“maize nitrogen accumulation was significantly higher when intercropped with soybean under low-nitrogen treatment than that when intercropped with sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean versus sweet potato intercropping showed the same nitrogen-dependent pattern for nitrogen partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency.
- Outcome
- nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE), and NREe0
- Direction
- significantly highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“So did the results of nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE), and NRE”
e1“maize nitrogen accumulation was significantly higher when intercropped with soybean under low-nitrogen treatment than that when intercropped with sweet potato. However the resultswere insignificant or even opposite under high-nitrogen treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and grain nitrogen allocation were significantly higher at 180 kg ha–1 nitrogen with soybean and 180–270 kg ha–1 with sweet potato.
- Treatment
- nitrogen application of 180 kg ha–1 when intercropped with soybeane0
- Outcome
- NAE, NRE and nitrogen distribution proportion to graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 180–270 kg ha–1 when intercropped with sweet potatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAE, NRE and nitrogen distribution proportion to grain of maize were significantly higher in the treatment with nitrogen application of 180 kg ha–1 when intercropped with soybean, and in the treatment of 180–270 kg ha–1 when intercropped with sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
After flowering, nitrogen assimilation after anthesis was significantly higher with soybean than sweet potato.
- Treatment
- maize/soybeane0
- Outcome
- nitrogen assimilation amount after anthesis(AANAA)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- maize/sweet potatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After flowering stage, nitrogen assimilation amount after anthesis(AANAA) in maize/soybean was higher than that in maize/sweet potato significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Both systems had higher nitrogen transfer and postanthesis assimilation at nitrogen rates of 180–270 kg ha–1.
- Treatment
- nitrogen application of 180–270 kg ha–1e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen transfer(NT) and AANAAe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen transfer(NT) and AANAA were higher in both intercropping systems with nitrogen application of 180–270 kg ha–1”
t0“Differences of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Nitrogen Regulation Effects in Maize”
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