Abstract
Plant responses to elevated CO2 and temperature have been much studied in recent years, but effects of climate change on pathological responses are largerly unknown. The pathosystems grapevine (Vitis vinifera) - downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe necatrix) were chosen as models to assess the potential impact of increased CO2 and temperature on disease incidence and severity under controlled environment. Grapevine potted plants were grown in phytotrons under 4 different simulated climatic conditions: (1) standard temperature (ranging from 18 degrees to 22 degrees C) and standard CO2 concentration (450 ppm); (2) standard temperature and elevated CO2 concentration (800 ppm); (3) elevated temperature (ranging from 22 degrees to 26 degrees C, 4 degrees C higher than standard) and standard CO2 concentration; (4) elevated temperature and CO2 concentration. Each plant was inoculated with a spore suspension containing 5x10(5) cfu/ml. Disease index and physiological parameters (chlorophyll content, fluorescence, assimilation rate) were assessed. Results showed an increase of the chlorophyll content with higher temperatures and CO2 concentration, to which consequently corresponded an higher fluorescence index. Disease incidence of downy mildew increased when both CO2 and temperatures were higher, while an increase in CO2 did not influenced powdery mildew incidence, probably due to the increased photosynthetic activity of plants under such conditions. Considering that the rising concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases will lead to an increase in global temperature and longer seasons, we can assume that this will allow more time for pathogens evolution and could increase pathogen survival, indirectly affecting downy and powdery mildews of grapevine.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature increased grapevine chlorophyll content.
- Treatment
- higher temperaturese0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- standard temperaturee1
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase of the chlorophyll content with higher temperatures and CO2 concentration”
e1“standard temperature (ranging from 18 degrees to 22 degrees C)”
e2“grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 increased grapevine chlorophyll content.
- Treatment
- CO2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- standard CO2 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase of the chlorophyll content with higher temperatures and CO2 concentration”
e1“standard CO2 concentration (450 ppm)”
e2“grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher temperature and CO2 conditions corresponded to a higher fluorescence index.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to which consequently corresponded an higher fluorescence index”
e1“with higher temperatures and CO2 concentration”
e2“grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew incidence increased when both CO2 and temperature were higher.
- Treatment
- both CO2 and temperatures were highere0
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticola
Plasmopara viticolae2pathogen - Outcome
- Disease incidence of downy mildewe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease incidence of downy mildew increased when both CO2 and temperatures were higher”
e2“grapevine (Vitis vinifera) - downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 did not influence powdery mildew incidence.
- Treatment
- increase in CO2e0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe necatrixe3pathogen
- Outcome
- powdery mildew incidencee0
- Direction
- did not influencede0
- Comparator
- standard CO2 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in CO2 did not influenced powdery mildew incidence”
e1“standard CO2 concentration (450 ppm)”
e2“grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
e3“powdery mildew (Erysiphe necatrix)”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · disease · VitisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.