Abstract
The paper focuses on the question if purple anthocyanin(PA)shields the photosynthetic apparatus of eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)leaves against excess light.Light response curves of photosynthetic activity of green-speckled parts(GSP)or purple-speckled parts(PSP)of the same leaf were measured with a CIRAS-2 instrument.Chlorophyll fluorescence transients were measured by two chlorophyll fluorometers(PEA and Dual-PAM-100)after illuminating with mixed spectrum(white light)or homo-chrome(red,blue or green)light produced by light-emitting diodes(LEDs)on GSP or PSP.The PA,which is localized in the epidermal cells of the leaves,mainly screens out green and yellow light(between 500 and 600 nm)removing 53.2% to 73.6% of the light in this range.The maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pnmax)of the PSP was smaller than that of the GSP,which may be caused not only by the smaller chlorophyll-a-content but also by the screening of 27% of the blue light between 400 and 480 nm and 10% of red light between 630 and 700 nm by PA.Increasing the intensity of the white light from 0 to 3000 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry of photosystem(PS)II(Fv/Fm),the density of reaction centers(RCs)per excited cross section(RC/CS0)and the driving force on Absorption basis of antenna chlorophyll in PSII(DFAbs)declined gradually,whereas the minimum fluorescence(Fo),the relative variable fluorescence at the J-step(VJ)and the dissipated energy flux per RC(DI0/RC)increased gradually in GSP and PSP.However,the change in the size of the parameters mentioned above was smaller in PSP than in GSP,implying that the susceptibility to photoinhibition was lower in PSP.After the GSP or PSP of eggplant were irradiated for 30 min with white,red,blue or green light of 2000 μmol photons μm-2·s-1,the Fv/Fm declined,but the Fv/Fm of PSP was significantly higher than that of GSP only in the case of an irradiation with white or green light.In addition,the decrease in the amplitude of the P700(photosystem I)redox transients was bigger than that of PSII chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curves after irradiation with white light of GSP and PSP.However,the effect was smaller in PSP.We suggest that the RCs of PSI and PSII were effectively shielded by PA in the epidermal cells of the leaves.It prevents an excess reduction of electron transport chain and alleviates the need for a strong energy dissipation.It maintained the coordination between PS I and PS II.So,it is concluded that the protective effect of PA with respect to the photosynthetic apparatus is due to a screening of light in the visible spectrum between 500 and 600 nm.In other words PA is part of the biophysical defense system of the leaf.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Purple anthocyanin in the leaf epidermis screens out green and yellow light, removing 53.2% to 73.6% of it.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenat0 - Organ / stage
- epidermal cellse0
- Outcome
- screens out green and yellow lighte1
- Value
- 53.2% to 73.6%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“localized in the epidermal cells of the leaves”
e1“mainly screens out green and yellow light”
e2“removing 53.2% to 73.6% of the light in this range”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum net photosynthetic rate of purple-speckled parts was smaller than that of green-speckled parts.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- PSPe0
- Outcome
- maximum net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- GSPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“The maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pnmax)of the PSP was smaller than that of the GSP”
Claim · model-written summary
The lower photosynthetic rate of purple-speckled parts may be caused by smaller chlorophyll-a content and by light screening by purple anthocyanin.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Compound
- chlorophyll-ae1
- Outcome
- maximum net photosynthetic ratee0
- Qualifier
- screening of 27% of the blue light between 400 and 480 nme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“The maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pnmax)of the PSP was smaller than that of the GSP”
e1“which may be caused not only by the smaller chlorophyll-a-content but also by the screening of 27% of the blue light between 400 and 480 nm and 10% of red light between 630 and 700 nm by PA”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple anthocyanin screens out 27% of blue light between 400 and 480 nm.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- blue lighte0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- between 400 and 480 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“the screening of 27% of the blue light between 400 and 480 nm”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple anthocyanin screens out 10% of red light between 630 and 700 nm.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- red lighte0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- between 630 and 700 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“10% of red light between 630 and 700 nm”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm declined gradually as white light intensity increased.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the intensity of the white lighte0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme1
- Direction
- declined graduallye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“Increasing the intensity of the white light from 0 to 3000 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)”
e1“the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry of photosystem(PS)II (Fv/Fm)”
e2“declined gradually”
Claim · model-written summary
RC/CS0 declined gradually as white light intensity increased.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the intensity of the white lighte0
- Outcome
- RC/CS0e1
- Direction
- declined graduallye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“Increasing the intensity of the white light from 0 to 3000 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)”
e1“the density of reaction centers(RCs)per excited cross section(RC/CS0)”
e2“declined gradually”
Claim · model-written summary
DFAbs declined gradually as white light intensity increased.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the intensity of the white lighte0
- Outcome
- DFAbse1
- Direction
- declined graduallye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“Increasing the intensity of the white light from 0 to 3000 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)”
e1“the driving force on Absorption basis of antenna chlorophyll in PSII(DFAbs)”
e2“declined gradually”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum fluorescence increased gradually as white light intensity increased.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the intensity of the white lighte0
- Outcome
- minimum fluorescencee1
- Direction
- increased graduallye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“Increasing the intensity of the white light from 0 to 3000 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)”
e1“the minimum fluorescence(Fo)”
e2“increased gradually in GSP and PSP”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative variable fluorescence at the J-step increased gradually as white light intensity increased.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the intensity of the white lighte0
- Outcome
- relative variable fluorescence at the J-stepe1
- Direction
- increased graduallye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“Increasing the intensity of the white light from 0 to 3000 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)”
e1“the relative variable fluorescence at the J-step(VJ)”
e2“increased gradually in GSP and PSP”
Claim · model-written summary
The dissipated energy flux per RC increased gradually as white light intensity increased.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the intensity of the white lighte0
- Outcome
- dissipated energy flux per RCe1
- Direction
- increased graduallye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“Increasing the intensity of the white light from 0 to 3000 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)”
e1“the dissipated energy flux per RC(DI0/RC)”
e2“increased gradually in GSP and PSP”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm declined after 30 min of irradiation with white, red, blue or green light at 2000 μmol photons m-2 s-1.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- irradiated for 30 min with white, red, blue or green light of 2000 μmol photons μm-2·s-1e0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“After the GSP or PSP of eggplant were irradiated for 30 min with white, red, blue or green light of 2000 μmol photons μm-2·s-1, the Fv/Fm declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm of purple-speckled parts was significantly higher than that of green-speckled parts only under white or green light irradiation.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- an irradiation with white or green lighte0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Comparator
- GSPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“the Fv/Fm of PSP was significantly higher than that of GSP only in the case of an irradiation with white or green light”
Claim · model-written summary
After white light irradiation, the decrease in P700 redox transient amplitude was bigger than the decrease in PSII chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curves.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- irradiation with white lighte0
- Outcome
- the decrease in the amplitude of the P700(photosystem I)redox transientse0
- Direction
- biggere0
- Comparator
- PSII chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curvese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“the decrease in the amplitude of the P700(photosystem I)redox transients was bigger than that of PSII chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curves after irradiation with white light of GSP and PSP”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in P700 redox transient amplitude was smaller in purple-speckled parts than in green-speckled parts.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- PSPe1
- Outcome
- the decrease in the amplitude of the P700(photosystem I)redox transientse0
- Direction
- smallere1
- Comparator
- GSPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“the decrease in the amplitude of the P700(photosystem I)redox transients was bigger than that of PSII chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curves after irradiation with white light of GSP and PSP”
e1“the effect was smaller in PSP”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple-speckled parts appear less susceptible to photoinhibition than green-speckled parts.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- PSPe0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to photoinhibitione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“implying that the susceptibility to photoinhibition was lower in PSP”
Claim · model-written summary
The protective effect of purple anthocyanin on the photosynthetic apparatus is due to screening of visible light between 500 and 600 nm.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- protective effect of PA with respect to the photosynthetic apparatuse0
- Qualifier
- a screening of light in the visible spectrum between 500 and 600 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“it is concluded that the protective effect of PA with respect to the photosynthetic apparatus is due to a screening of light in the visible spectrum between 500 and 600 nm”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple anthocyanin prevents an excess reduction of the electron transport chain and reduces the need for strong energy dissipation.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- excess reduction of electron transport chaine0
- Qualifier
- excess reduction of electron transport chaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“It prevents an excess reduction of electron transport chain”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple anthocyanin maintained the coordination between PS I and PS II.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- the coordination between PS I and PS IIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e0“It maintained the coordination between PS I and PS II”
The same questions in other papers
radiation · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
light · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.