Abstract
Induction of germination in dormant barnyardgrass seeds by wounding was investigated. Previous research indicated that a volatile compound was emitted during imbibition of wounded caryopses. When wounded caryopses were submerged in agar, total germination and speed of germination were stimulated, and the stimulation was dependent upon the concentration of agar. A twofold increase in germination occurred in 1% agar versus water, and a fivefold increase with caryopses placed in 5% agar. When wounded caryopses were imbibed, there was a fourfold increase in respiration over that of intact caryopses after 1 h. This increased rate of respiration of wounded caryopses continued for 7 h, while there was a gradual increase in respiration of intact caryopses. Carbon dioxide induced intact dormant caryopses to germinate but was not effective in stimulating germination of the seed (spikelet). High levels of abscisic acid found in the hulls of dormant seeds may have prevented the action of carbon dioxide. These results suggest that increased respiration resulting from wounding provides elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the microenvironment of the seed, thus stimulating germination. Removal of the hulls is necessary for germination even in high levels of carbon dioxide.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Agar stimulated germination and its speed in wounded caryopses, depending on agar concentration.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallit0 - Organ / stage
- wounded caryopsese0
- Treatment
- agare0
- Outcome
- total germination and speed of germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“When wounded caryopses were submerged in agar, total germination and speed of germination were stimulated, and the stimulation was dependent upon the concentration of agar.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased twofold in 1% agar versus water.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- 1% agare0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- twofolde0
- Comparator
- watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“A twofold increase in germination occurred in 1% agar versus water”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased fivefold when caryopses were placed in 5% agar.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Organ / stage
- caryopsese0
- Treatment
- 5% agare0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- fivefolde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“a fivefold increase with caryopses placed in 5% agar”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounded caryopses respired fourfold more than intact caryopses after one hour.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- wounded caryopsese0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- fourfolde0
- Qualifier
- after 1 he0
- Comparator
- intact caryopsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“When wounded caryopses were imbibed, there was a fourfold increase in respiration over that of intact caryopses after 1 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher respiration rate of wounded caryopses persisted for seven hours while respiration of intact caryopses rose gradually.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Organ / stage
- wounded caryopsese0
- Outcome
- rate of respiratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“This increased rate of respiration of wounded caryopses continued for 7 h, while there was a gradual increase in respiration of intact caryopses.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide induced intact dormant caryopses to germinate.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxidee0
- Outcome
- intact dormant caryopses to germinatee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“Carbon dioxide induced intact dormant caryopses to germinate”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide did not stimulate germination of the spikelet.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxidee0
- Outcome
- germination of the seed (spikelet)e0
- Direction
- not effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“Carbon dioxide induced intact dormant caryopses to germinate but was not effective in stimulating germination of the seed (spikelet)”
Claim · model-written summary
High abscisic acid in dormant seed hulls may inhibit the action of carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Organ / stage
- hulls of dormant seedse0
- Compound
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- action of carbon dioxidee0
- Qualifier
- may have preventede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“High levels of abscisic acid found in the hulls of dormant seeds may have prevented the action of carbon dioxide.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that wounding raises respiration and local carbon dioxide, thereby stimulating germination.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- woundinge0
- Compound
- carbon dioxidee0
- Outcome
- stimulating germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“increased respiration resulting from wounding provides elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the microenvironment of the seed, thus stimulating germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Hull removal was necessary for germination even with high carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- Removal of the hullse0
- Outcome
- necessary for germinatione0
- Qualifier
- even in high levels of carbon dioxidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)”
e0“Removal of the hulls is necessary for germination even in high levels of carbon dioxide.”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.