Abstract
The effect of reclaimed water irrigation on paddy rice culture was evaluated by pilot study at the experimental field of Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. The sewage was treated by constructed wetland system, and its effluent was used as irrigation water for four treatments and one control plots with three replications. Irrigation of reclaimed water onto paddy rice cultures did not adversely affect the growth and yield of rice. Instead, experimental rice plots of reclaimed water irrigation displayed about 10 to 50% more yield on average than controls. This implies that reclaimed water irrigation might be beneficial rather than harmful to rice culture as long as the sewage is treated adequately and used properly. The amount of irrigation water had little effect on experimental rice cultures, but its strength was important. The strength of treated sewage was not a limiting factor in this study, and no lodging was observed even with a relatively high nitrogen concentration (up to 160mg/L). In general the paddy soil was not affected by reclaimed water irrigation. However, there was an indication that continuous irrigation with high strength of reclaimed water might cause salt accumulation in the soil. Supplemental use of reclaimed water with existing sources of irrigation water is recommended rather than irrigation with a single source of reclaimed water. Overall, the results demonstrated that reclaimed water could be reused as a supplemental source of irrigation water for paddy rice culture without causing adverse effects as long as it is properly managed. For full-scale application, further investigation should be done on environmental risks, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Reclaimed water irrigation did not adversely affect rice growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Irrigation of reclaimed watere0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- did not adversely affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“Irrigation of reclaimed water onto paddy rice cultures did not adversely affect the growth and yield of rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reclaimed water irrigation did not adversely affect rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Irrigation of reclaimed watere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not adversely affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“Irrigation of reclaimed water onto paddy rice cultures did not adversely affect the growth and yield of rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reclaimed water plots yielded about 10 to 50% more than controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- reclaimed water irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 10 to 50%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“experimental rice plots of reclaimed water irrigation displayed about 10 to 50% more yield on average than controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water amount had little effect on rice cultures.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- amount of irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- experimental rice culturese0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“The amount of irrigation water had little effect on experimental rice cultures, but its strength was important.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water strength was important for the rice culture response.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- strength was importante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“The amount of irrigation water had little effect on experimental rice cultures, but its strength was important.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated sewage strength was not limiting in this pilot.
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“The strength of treated sewage was not a limiting factor in this study”
Claim · model-written summary
No rice lodging occurred up to a nitrogen concentration of 160mg/L.
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“no lodging was observed even with a relatively high nitrogen concentration (up to 160mg/L).”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy soil was generally unaffected by reclaimed water irrigation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“In general the paddy soil was not affected by reclaimed water irrigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous high-strength reclaimed water irrigation might accumulate soil salt.
- Taxon
- Paddy Ricet0
- Treatment
- continuous irrigation with high strength of reclaimed watere0
- Outcome
- salt accumulation in the soile0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“continuous irrigation with high strength of reclaimed water might cause salt accumulation in the soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend supplemental reclaimed water with existing irrigation sources.
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“Supplemental use of reclaimed water with existing sources of irrigation water is recommended rather than irrigation with a single source of reclaimed water.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors call for further investigation of environmental risks, tolerable water quality and the supplemental irrigation fraction.
Verbatim
t0“Paddy Rice”
e0“For full-scale application, further investigation should be done on environmental risks, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.”
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