Abstract
Plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), play essential roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, mechanisms by which BRs interfere with plant resistance to virus remain largely unclear. In this study, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches in combination with infection experiments to investigate the role of BRs in plant defense against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Exogenous applied BRs enhanced plant resistance to virus infection, while application of Bikinin (inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3), which activated BR signaling, increased virus susceptibility. Silencing of NbBRI1 and NbBSK1 blocked BR-induced TMV resistance, and silencing of NbBES1/BZR1 blocked Bikinin-reduced TMV resistance. Silencing of NbMEK2, NbSIPK and NbRBOHB all compromised BR-induced virus resistance and defense-associated genes expression. Furthermore, we found MEK2-SIPK cascade activated while BES1/BZR1 inhibited RBOHB-dependent ROS production, defense gene expression and virus resistance induced by BRs. Thus, our results revealed BR signaling had two opposite effects on viral defense response. On the one hand, BRs enhanced virus resistance through MEK2-SIPK cascade and RBOHB-dependent ROS burst. On the other hand, BES1/BZR1 inhibited RBOHB-dependent ROS production and acted as an important mediator of the trade-off between growth and immunity in BR signaling.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Applied BRs enhanced viral resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Treatment
- Exogenous applied BRse0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco mosaic virust0pathogen - Outcome
- plant resistance to virus infectione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous applied BRs enhanced plant resistance to virus infection”
t0“Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Bikinin increased viral susceptibility.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Bikinine0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virust0pathogen
- Outcome
- virus susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Bikinin (inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3), which activated BR signaling, increased virus susceptibility.”
t0“Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbBRI1 blocked BR-induced TMV resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Silencing of NbBRI1e0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- NbBRI1e0
- Outcome
- TMV resistancee0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of NbBRI1 and NbBSK1 blocked BR-induced TMV resistance”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbBSK1 blocked BR-induced TMV resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbBSK1e0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- NbBSK1e0
- Outcome
- TMV resistancee0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of NbBRI1 and NbBSK1 blocked BR-induced TMV resistance”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbBES1/BZR1 blocked Bikinin-reduced resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silencing of NbBES1/BZR1e0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- NbBES1/BZR1e0
- Outcome
- TMV resistancee0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing of NbBES1/BZR1 blocked Bikinin-reduced TMV resistance.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbMEK2 compromised BR-induced viral resistance and defense gene expression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Silencing of NbMEK2e0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virust0pathogen
- Gene
- NbMEK2e0
- Outcome
- virus resistance and defense-associated genes expressione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of NbMEK2, NbSIPK and NbRBOHB all compromised BR-induced virus resistance and defense-associated genes expression.”
t0“Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbSIPK compromised BR-induced viral resistance and defense gene expression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbSIPKe0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virust0pathogen
- Gene
- NbSIPKe0
- Outcome
- virus resistance and defense-associated genes expressione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of NbMEK2, NbSIPK and NbRBOHB all compromised BR-induced virus resistance and defense-associated genes expression.”
t0“Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbRBOHB compromised BR-induced viral resistance and defense gene expression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbRBOHBe0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virust0pathogen
- Gene
- NbRBOHBe0
- Outcome
- virus resistance and defense-associated genes expressione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of NbMEK2, NbSIPK and NbRBOHB all compromised BR-induced virus resistance and defense-associated genes expression.”
t0“Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The MEK2-SIPK cascade activated BR-induced ROS, defense gene expression and viral resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virust0pathogen
- Gene
- MEK2-SIPKe0
- Outcome
- RBOHB-dependent ROS production, defense gene expression and virus resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MEK2-SIPK cascade activated while BES1/BZR1 inhibited RBOHB-dependent ROS production, defense gene expression and virus resistance induced by BRs.”
t0“Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
BES1/BZR1 inhibited BR-induced ROS, defense gene expression and viral resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virust0pathogen
- Gene
- BES1/BZR1e0
- Outcome
- RBOHB-dependent ROS production, defense gene expression and virus resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BES1/BZR1 inhibited RBOHB-dependent ROS production, defense gene expression and virus resistance induced by BRs.”
t0“Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
class · Tobacco mosaic virus · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
loss of function · Tobacco mosaic virus · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.