Abstract
Responses of sugar metabolism during germination of rice (O. sativa ), wheat (T. aestivum) and rape (B. chinensis var. oleifera) seeds to simulated acid rain (pH 2.0, pH 2.5, pH 3.0, pH 3.5, pH 4.0, pH 4.5, pH 5.0) were investigated. The purpose was to clarify the mechanism of acid rain affecting seed germination. The results show that the alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of the rice, wheat and rape seeds decrease with increased stress level (pH 5.0 - 2.0), and are lower than CK. The response order of three indexes to stress level of acid rain is that rice (pH 3.5 - 4.0/53.88% - 77.7%) is smaller than wheat (pH 3.5 - 4.5/58.60% - 89.41%), and rape (pH 4.0 - 5.0/60.14% - 100%) is the smallest, alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of rice increase with prolonged stress time, but the three indexes of wheat and rape increase at first, and then decrease. In the same stress time (3 - 7 d), the three indexes of the three species for all treatment groups are lower than CK, and decrease with increased stress level. The stress time when the maximum damage of a-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar appeared is that rice (7 d, 7 d, 7 d) > wheat (7 d, 6 d, 5 d) > rape (3 d, 7 d, 5 d). Responses of three indexes to stress level and stress time of acid rain show that the ability of sugar metabolism resisting acid rain is that rice is stronger than wheat and rape is the worst, and the difference in sugar metabolism of 3 species is one of the internal reasons why the germination indexes behave differently.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain decreased alpha-amylase activity and soluble and reducing sugar contents in rice seeds below control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Treatment
- simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugare2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- pH 5.0 - 2.0e2
- Comparator
- CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“to simulated acid rain”
e2“The results show that the alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of the rice, wheat and rape seeds decrease with increased stress level (pH 5.0 - 2.0), and are lower than CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain decreased alpha-amylase activity and soluble and reducing sugar contents in wheat seeds below control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Treatment
- simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugare2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- pH 5.0 - 2.0e2
- Comparator
- CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“to simulated acid rain”
e2“The results show that the alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of the rice, wheat and rape seeds decrease with increased stress level (pH 5.0 - 2.0), and are lower than CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain decreased alpha-amylase activity and soluble and reducing sugar contents in rape seeds below control.
- Taxon
- rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse2 - Treatment
- simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugare2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- pH 5.0 - 2.0e2
- Comparator
- CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“to simulated acid rain”
e2“The results show that the alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of the rice, wheat and rape seeds decrease with increased stress level (pH 5.0 - 2.0), and are lower than CK”
Claim · model-written summary
In rice seeds, alpha-amylase activity and sugar contents increased with prolonged acid rain stress time.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- prolonged stress timee3
- Outcome
- alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugare3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of rice increase with prolonged stress time, but the three indexes of wheat and rape increase at first, and then decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat seeds, the three indexes increased at first and then decreased with prolonged acid rain stress time.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- prolonged stress timee3
- Outcome
- the three indexese3
- Direction
- increase at first, and then decreasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of rice increase with prolonged stress time, but the three indexes of wheat and rape increase at first, and then decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
In rape seeds, the three indexes increased at first and then decreased with prolonged acid rain stress time.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse3
- Treatment
- prolonged stress timee3
- Outcome
- the three indexese3
- Direction
- increase at first, and then decreasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“alpha-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of rice increase with prolonged stress time, but the three indexes of wheat and rape increase at first, and then decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum damage to sugar metabolism in rice under acid rain appeared at 7 d for all three indexes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- stress timee4
- Outcome
- maximum damage of a-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugare4
- Value
- 7 d, 7 d, 7 de4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The stress time when the maximum damage of a-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar appeared is that rice (7 d, 7 d, 7 d) > wheat (7 d, 6 d, 5 d) > rape (3 d, 7 d, 5 d)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum damage to sugar metabolism in wheat under acid rain appeared at 7, 6 and 5 d for the three indexes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- stress timee4
- Outcome
- maximum damage of a-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugare4
- Value
- 7 d, 6 d, 5 de4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The stress time when the maximum damage of a-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar appeared is that rice (7 d, 7 d, 7 d) > wheat (7 d, 6 d, 5 d) > rape (3 d, 7 d, 5 d)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum damage to sugar metabolism in rape under acid rain appeared at 3, 7 and 5 d for the three indexes.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse4
- Treatment
- stress timee4
- Outcome
- maximum damage of a-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugare4
- Value
- 3 d, 7 d, 5 de4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The stress time when the maximum damage of a-amylase activity, contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar appeared is that rice (7 d, 7 d, 7 d) > wheat (7 d, 6 d, 5 d) > rape (3 d, 7 d, 5 d)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice sugar metabolism resists acid rain better than wheat.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- acid raine5
- Outcome
- ability of sugar metabolism resisting acid raine5
- Direction
- strongere5
- Comparator
- wheate5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Responses of three indexes to stress level and stress time of acid rain show that the ability of sugar metabolism resisting acid rain is that rice is stronger than wheat and rape is the worst”
Claim · model-written summary
Rape sugar metabolism is the least resistant to acid rain of the three crops.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse5
- Treatment
- acid raine5
- Outcome
- ability of sugar metabolism resisting acid raine5
- Direction
- the worste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Responses of three indexes to stress level and stress time of acid rain show that the ability of sugar metabolism resisting acid rain is that rice is stronger than wheat and rape is the worst”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice showed a smaller response order than wheat across the acid rain pH range.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Treatment
- acid raine6
- Outcome
- response order of three indexes to stress level of acid raine6
- Direction
- smallere6
- Value
- 53.88% - 77.7%e6
- Comparator
- wheate6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The response order of three indexes to stress level of acid rain is that rice (pH 3.5 - 4.0/53.88% - 77.7%) is smaller than wheat (pH 3.5 - 4.5/58.60% - 89.41%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rape showed the smallest response order among the three crops under acid rain.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse6
- Treatment
- acid raine7
- Outcome
- response order of three indexes to stress level of acid raine7
- Direction
- the smalleste6
- Value
- 60.14% - 100%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“and rape (pH 4.0 - 5.0/60.14% - 100%) is the smallest”
e7“The response order of three indexes to stress level of acid rain”
The same questions in other papers
rainfall · physiology: osmolytes · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
rainfall · physiology: osmolytes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.