Abstract
Soil salinity severely affects plant nutrient use efficiency and is a worldwide constraint for sustainable crop production. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, with inherent salinity tolerance, are able to enhance plant growth and productivity by inducing modulations in various metabolic pathways. In the present study, we reported the isolation and characterization of a salt-tolerant rhizobacterium from Kallar grass [Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth]. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed its lineage to Staphylococcus sciuri and it was named as SAT-17. The strain exhibited substantial potential of phosphate solubilization as well as indole-3-acetic acid production (up to 2 M NaCl) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity (up to 1.5 M NaCl). Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize, in the absence of salt stress, induced a significant increase in plant biomass together with decreased reactive oxygen species and increased activity of cellular antioxidant enzymes. The derivative strain also significantly accumulated nutrients in roots and shoots, and enhanced chlorophyll and protein contents in comparison with non-inoculated plants. Similar positive effects were observed in the presence of salt stress, although the effect was more prominent at 75 mM in comparison to higher NaCl level (150 mM). The strain survived in the rhizosphere up to 30 days at an optimal population density (ca. 1 × 10(6) CFU mL(-1)). It was concluded that S. sciuri strain SAT-17 alleviated maize plants from salt-induced cellular oxidative damage and enhanced growth. Further field experiments should be conducted, considering SAT-17 as a potential bio-fertilizer, to draw parallels between PGPR inoculation, elemental mobility patterns, crop growth and productivity in salt-stressed semi-arid and arid regions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with SAT-17 significantly increased maize plant biomass in the absence of salt stress.
- Treatment
- Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17e0
- Interactor
- SAT-17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of salt stresse0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse5
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize, in the absence of salt stress, induced a significant increase in plant biomass”
e5“enhanced chlorophyll and protein contents in comparison with non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with SAT-17 decreased reactive oxygen species in maize.
- Treatment
- Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17e0
- Interactor
- SAT-17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen speciese2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize, in the absence of salt stress, induced a significant increase in plant biomass together with decreased reactive oxygen species”
e2“decreased reactive oxygen species”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with SAT-17 increased the activity of cellular antioxidant enzymes in maize.
- Treatment
- Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17e0
- Interactor
- SAT-17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of cellular antioxidant enzymese3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize, in the absence of salt stress, induced a significant increase in plant biomass together with decreased reactive oxygen species and increased activity of cellular antioxidant enzymes”
e3“increased activity of cellular antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
SAT-17 inoculation significantly increased nutrient accumulation in maize roots and shoots.
- Treatment
- Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17e0
- Interactor
- SAT-17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrients in roots and shootse4
- Direction
- accumulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize, in the absence of salt stress, induced a significant increase in plant biomass”
e4“The derivative strain also significantly accumulated nutrients in roots and shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
SAT-17 inoculation enhanced chlorophyll and protein contents of maize compared with non-inoculated plants.
- Treatment
- Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17e0
- Interactor
- SAT-17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and protein contentse5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize, in the absence of salt stress, induced a significant increase in plant biomass”
e5“enhanced chlorophyll and protein contents in comparison with non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SAT-17 inoculation had similar positive effects on maize in the presence of salt stress.
- Treatment
- salt stresse6
- Interactor
- SAT-17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- positive effectse6
- Direction
- Similar positive effectse6
- Qualifier
- in the presence of salt stresse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize, in the absence of salt stress, induced a significant increase in plant biomass”
e6“Similar positive effects were observed in the presence of salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The positive effect of SAT-17 was more prominent at 75 mM NaCl than at 150 mM NaCl.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize, in the absence of salt stress, induced a significant increase in plant biomass”
e7“although the effect was more prominent at 75 mM in comparison to higher NaCl level (150 mM)”
Claim · model-written summary
SAT-17 survived in the maize rhizosphere for up to 30 days at an optimal population density.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize”
e2“The strain survived in the rhizosphere up to 30 days at an optimal population density (ca. 1 × 10(6) CFU mL(-1))”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend further field experiments on SAT-17 as a potential bio-fertilizer for maize.
- Outcome
- field experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of the SAT-17 with maize”
e1“Further field experiments should be conducted, considering SAT-17 as a potential bio-fertilizer”
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