Abstract
The impact of severe drought stress (13% soil moisture) on the physiological responses, metabolic profile, and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in wheat above- and below-ground biomass after 20 days of treatment was studied. Drought depleted growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shoots (but proline increased considerably, +160%). On the contrary, root growth parameters were elevated, and free amino acids did not decrease, indicating investment of metabolites into the growth of roots under water deficiency. Mineral nutrients were only slightly influenced. Profiling of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins revealed that chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) and glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39) were activated in wheat by drought. Individual isoforms and their activity were rather stimulated under drought, especially in shoots. The expression of selected genes is in agreement with enzymatic data and suggests an organ (tissue) specific- and opposing behavior of these two types of defense components in drought-stressed wheat. Metabolic analyses at the level of phenolics showed an increase in the free and bound fraction of phenolic acids almost exclusively in the shoots and flavonoid isoorientin increased considerably: protective action against oxidative stress and dehydration of the leaves seems to be the main reason for this finding. The role of PR proteins and phenolics in drought-stressed tissue is discussed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Drought depleted shoot growth, assimilation pigments and most free amino acids.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shootse0
- Direction
- depletede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought depleted growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shoots”
e1“chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) and glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39) were activated in wheat by drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot proline increased by 160% under drought.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Droughte1
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- +160%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but proline increased considerably, +160%”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e1“Drought depleted growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth parameters increased under drought.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Droughte1
- Outcome
- root growth parameterse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the contrary, root growth parameters were elevated”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e1“Drought depleted growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Root free amino acids did not decrease under drought.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Droughte1
- Outcome
- free amino acidse0
- Direction
- did not decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“free amino acids did not decrease”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e1“Drought depleted growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nutrients changed only slightly under drought.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Droughte1
- Outcome
- Mineral nutrientse0
- Direction
- only slightly influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral nutrients were only slightly influenced”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e1“Drought depleted growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought activated wheat chitinases and glucanases.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) and glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39)e0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) and glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39) were activated in wheat by drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stimulated individual protein isoforms and their activity, especially in shoots.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- Individual isoforms and their activitye0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual isoforms and their activity were rather stimulated under drought, especially in shoots”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected gene expression agreed with enzyme data and suggested tissue-specific opposing defense behavior.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- expression of selected genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of selected genes is in agreement with enzymatic data and suggests an organ (tissue) specific- and opposing behavior of these two types of defense components in drought-stressed wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Free and bound phenolic acids increased almost exclusively in shoots.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Droughte1
- Outcome
- free and bound fraction of phenolic acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the free and bound fraction of phenolic acids almost exclusively in the shoots”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e1“Drought depleted growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoorientin increased considerably under drought.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Droughte1
- Outcome
- flavonoid isoorientine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoid isoorientin increased considerably”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e1“Drought depleted growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shoots”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
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See all 131 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.