Abstract
Seedlings of three wheat varieties ( Triticum aestivum L.)—highly productive cv. Ballada, moderately productive cv. Belchanka, and low productive cv. Beltskaya—were exposed to progressive soil drought (cessation of watering for 3, 5, and 7 days) and then analyzed for chlorophyll content and activities of ferredoxin-NADP + oxidoreductase (FNR) and antioxidant enzymes, namely, glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (AscP). In addition, the proline content, and the extent of lipid peroxidation were examined. In the first period of water limitation, the water loss from leaves was slight for all wheat cultivars, which is characteristic of drought-resistant varieties. After 7-day drought the leaf water content decreased by 5.2–6.8%. The total chlorophyll content expressed per unit dry weight increased insignificantly during the first two periods of drought but decreased by 13–15% later on. This decrease was not accompanied by changes in chlorophyll a/b ratio. The plant dehydration did not induce significant changes in FNR activity. Activities of GR and AscP in leaves of wheat cultivars Ballada and Belchanka increased on the 3rd and 5th days of drought. Owing to the coordinated increase in GR and AscP activities, the lipid peroxidation rate remained at nearly the control level observed in water-sufficient plants. When the dehydration period was prolonged to 7 days, activities of GR and AscP in wheat cultivars reduced in parallel with the increase in malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content, indicating that the antioxidant enzyme defense system was weakened and lipid peroxidation enhanced. Unlike Ballada and Belchanka, the wheat cv. Beltskaya did not exhibit the increase in GR and AscP activities during progressive soil drought. The increase in MDA content by 16% in this cultivar was only observed after a 7-day drought period. The proline content in leaves of all wheat cultivars increased substantially during drought treatment. Thus, in wheat cultivars examined, different responses of the defense systems were mobilized to implement plant protection against water stress. The activities of antioxidant enzyme defense system depended on wheat cultivar, duration of drought, and the stage of leaf development.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water loss was slight during early water limitation in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- water limitatione0
- Outcome
- water loss from leavese0
- Direction
- slighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first period of water limitation, the water loss from leaves was slight for all wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water content fell 5.2–6.8% after seven days of drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 7-day droughte0
- Outcome
- leaf water contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.2–6.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 7-day drought the leaf water content decreased by 5.2–6.8%”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll increased insignificantly in the first two drought periods.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- first two periods of droughte0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total chlorophyll content expressed per unit dry weight increased insignificantly during the first two periods of drought”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll later declined 13–15%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 13–15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total chlorophyll content expressed per unit dry weight increased insignificantly during the first two periods of drought but decreased by 13–15% later on”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The chlorophyll decline was not accompanied by a change in chlorophyll a/b ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a/b ratioe0
- Direction
- not accompanied by changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This decrease was not accompanied by changes in chlorophyll a/b ratio”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydration produced no significant change in FNR activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- plant dehydratione0
- Gene
- FNRe0
- Outcome
- FNR activitye0
- Direction
- did not induce significant changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant dehydration did not induce significant changes in FNR activity”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
GR and AscP activities increased in Ballada and Belchanka leaves on drought days three and five.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Ballada and Belchankae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- Activities of GR and AscPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of GR and AscP in leaves of wheat cultivars Ballada and Belchanka increased on the 3rd and 5th days of drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation stayed near the water-sufficient control level with coordinated GR and AscP increases.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- GR and AscPe0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation ratee0
- Direction
- remained at nearly the control levele0
- Comparator
- water-sufficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Owing to the coordinated increase in GR and AscP activities, the lipid peroxidation rate remained at nearly the control level observed in water-sufficient plants”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
GR and AscP activities fell after seven days of dehydration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- dehydration period was prolonged to 7 dayse0
- Outcome
- activities of GR and AscPe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the dehydration period was prolonged to 7 days, activities of GR and AscP in wheat cultivars reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA content increased after seven days of dehydration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- dehydration period was prolonged to 7 dayse0
- Outcome
- malonic dialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the dehydration period was prolonged to 7 days, activities of GR and AscP in wheat cultivars reduced in parallel with the increase in malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Beltskaya did not show the GR and AscP increases seen in the other cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Beltskayae0
- Treatment
- progressive soil droughte0
- Outcome
- GR and AscP activitiese0
- Direction
- did not exhibit the increasee0
- Comparator
- Ballada and Belchankae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unlike Ballada and Belchanka, the wheat cv. Beltskaya did not exhibit the increase in GR and AscP activities during progressive soil drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Beltskaya MDA content rose 16% only after seven days of drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 7-day drought periode0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in MDA content by 16% in this cultivar was only observed after a 7-day drought period”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content increased substantially during drought in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- drought treatmente0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proline content in leaves of all wheat cultivars increased substantially during drought treatment”
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