Abstract
In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions. In order to determine the relationship between stomatal characteristics and plant drought resistance, photosynthetic and stomatal characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) were studied in two wheat cultivars: the drought-resistant cultivar ‘Changhan 58’ and the drought-sensitive cultivar ‘Xinong 9871’. Plants of both cultivars were grown in pot conditions under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions. In both water regimes, ‘Changhan 58’ showed a significantly higher ear photosynthetic rate with a lower rate of variation and a significantly higher percentage variation of transpiration compared to control plants at the heading stage under WS conditions than did ‘Xinong 9871’ plants. Moreover, ‘Changhan 58’ showed lower stomatal density (SD) and higher stomatal area per unit organ area (A) under both water conditions. Water stress decreased SD, A, and stomatal width (SW), and increased stomatal length in flag leaves (upper and lower surfaces) and ear organs (awn, glume, lemma, and palea), with the changes more pronounced in ear organs than in flag leaves. Instantaneous WUE increased slightly, while integral WUE improved significantly in both cultivars. Integral WUE was higher in ‘Changhan 58’, and increased by a greater amount, than in ‘Xinong 9871’. These results suggest that drought resistance in ‘Changhan 58’ is regulated by stomatal characteristics through a decrease in transpiration rate in order to improve integral WUE and photosynthetic performance, and through sustaining a higher ear photosynthetic rate, therefore enhancing overall drought-resistance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Changhan 58 had a significantly higher ear photosynthetic rate than Xinong 9871 at the heading stage under water stress.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Changhan 58e1
- Organ / stage
- eare1
- Treatment
- WS conditionse2
- Outcome
- ear photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- with a lower rate of variatione1
- Comparator
- Xinong 9871e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e1“‘Changhan 58’ showed a significantly higher ear photosynthetic rate with a lower rate of variation”
e2“compared to control plants at the heading stage under WS conditions than did ‘Xinong 9871’ plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Changhan 58 had a significantly higher percentage variation of transpiration than Xinong 9871 at the heading stage under water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Changhan 58e1
- Treatment
- WS conditionse2
- Outcome
- percentage variation of transpiratione3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- Xinong 9871e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e1“‘Changhan 58’ showed a significantly higher ear photosynthetic rate with a lower rate of variation”
e2“compared to control plants at the heading stage under WS conditions than did ‘Xinong 9871’ plants”
e3“a significantly higher percentage variation of transpiration”
Claim · model-written summary
Changhan 58 had lower stomatal density than the other cultivar under both water conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Changhan 58e4
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Qualifier
- under both water conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e4“Moreover, ‘Changhan 58’ showed lower stomatal density (SD) and higher stomatal area per unit organ area (A) under both water conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Changhan 58 had higher stomatal area per unit organ area than the other cultivar under both water conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Changhan 58e4
- Outcome
- stomatal area per unit organ areae4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- under both water conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e4“Moreover, ‘Changhan 58’ showed lower stomatal density (SD) and higher stomatal area per unit organ area (A) under both water conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress decreased stomatal density, stomatal area per unit organ area and stomatal width in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- flag leaves (upper and lower surfaces)e6
- Treatment
- Water stresse5
- Outcome
- SD, A, and stomatal widthe5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e5“Water stress decreased SD, A, and stomatal width (SW)”
e6“increased stomatal length in flag leaves (upper and lower surfaces) and ear organs (awn, glume, lemma, and palea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased stomatal length in wheat flag leaves and ear organs.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- flag leaves (upper and lower surfaces)e6
- Treatment
- Water stresse5
- Outcome
- stomatal lengthe6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e5“Water stress decreased SD, A, and stomatal width (SW)”
e6“increased stomatal length in flag leaves (upper and lower surfaces) and ear organs (awn, glume, lemma, and palea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Instantaneous water use efficiency increased slightly under water stress compared with well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- water-stressed (WS)e2
- Outcome
- Instantaneous WUEe1
- Direction
- increased slightlye1
- Comparator
- well-watered (WW)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e1“Instantaneous WUE increased slightly”
e2“Plants of both cultivars were grown in pot conditions under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Integral water use efficiency improved significantly under water stress in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- water-stressed (WS)e2
- Outcome
- integral WUEe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- in both cultivarse1
- Comparator
- well-watered (WW)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e1“integral WUE improved significantly in both cultivars”
e2“Plants of both cultivars were grown in pot conditions under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Changhan 58 had higher integral water use efficiency than Xinong 9871.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Changhan 58e1
- Outcome
- Integral WUEe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Xinong 9871e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e1“Integral WUE was higher in ‘Changhan 58’, and increased by a greater amount, than in ‘Xinong 9871’”
Claim · model-written summary
Integral water use efficiency of Changhan 58 increased by a greater amount than that of Xinong 9871.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Changhan 58e1
- Outcome
- integral WUEe1
- Direction
- increased by a greater amounte1
- Comparator
- Xinong 9871e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e1“Integral WUE was higher in ‘Changhan 58’, and increased by a greater amount, than in ‘Xinong 9871’”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought resistance of Changhan 58 is suggested to be regulated by stomatal characteristics through a decrease in transpiration rate that improves integral WUE and photosynthetic performance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Changhan 58e1
- Outcome
- drought resistancee1
- Qualifier
- through a decrease in transpiration ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions”
e1“drought resistance in ‘Changhan 58’ is regulated by stomatal characteristics through a decrease in transpiration rate in order to improve integral WUE and photosynthetic performance”
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