Abstract
Excess iron (Fe) is phytotoxic and causes reduced growth and productivity in rice. In this study we elucidated the mechanisms conferring differential tolerance to Fe-toxicity in rice seedlings. Excess Fe caused retardation in roots of both Pokkali and BRRI 51, but it caused no significant changes on growth parameters, Fe accumulation and OsIRT1 expression in shoots of Pokkali only compared with control plants. These results suggest that the Pokkali genotype does have mechanisms in shoots to withstand Fe toxicity. Pokkali maintained membrane stability and total soluble protein in shoots due to Fe toxicity, further confirming its ability to tolerate excess Fe. Furthermore, a significant decrease of Fe-chelate reductase activity and OsFRO1 expression in shoots of Pokkali suggests that limiting Fe accumulation is possibly regulated by Fe-reductase activity. Our extensive expression analysis on the expression pattern of three chelators (OsDMAS1, OsYSL15, OsYSL2 and OsFRDL1) showed no significant changes in expression in shoots of Pokkali due to Fe toxicity, whereas these genes were significantly upregulated under Fe-toxicity in sensitive BRRI 51. These results imply that regulation of Fe chelation in shoots of Pokkali contributes to its tolerance to Fe toxicity. Finally, increased catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with elevated ascorbic acid, glutathione, cysteine, methionine and proline in shoots of Pokkali caused by Fe toxicity suggests that strong antioxidant defence protects rice plants from oxidative injury under Fe toxicity. Taking these results together, we propose that genetic variation in Fe-toxicity tolerance in rice is shoot based, and is mainly associated with the regulation of translocation and chelation of Fe together with elevated antioxidant metabolites in shoots.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Excess iron retarded Pokkali roots.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Pokkalie0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Excess Fee0
- Outcome
- retardation in rootse0
- Direction
- retardatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excess Fe caused retardation in roots of both Pokkali and BRRI 51”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess iron retarded BRRI 51 roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- BRRI 51e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Excess Fee0
- Outcome
- retardation in rootse0
- Direction
- retardatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excess Fe caused retardation in roots of both Pokkali and BRRI 51”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess iron did not significantly change Pokkali shoot growth, iron accumulation, or OsIRT1 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Gene
- OsIRT1e0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, Fe accumulation and OsIRT1 expressione0
- Direction
- no significant changese0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but it caused no significant changes on growth parameters, Fe accumulation and OsIRT1 expression in shoots of Pokkali only compared with control plants”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pokkali maintained shoot membrane stability and soluble protein under excess iron.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Fe toxicitye0
- Outcome
- membrane stability and total soluble proteine0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pokkali maintained membrane stability and total soluble protein in shoots due to Fe toxicity”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron toxicity significantly decreased Pokkali shoot Fe-chelate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Gene
- Fe-chelate reductasee0
- Outcome
- Fe-chelate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease of Fe-chelate reductase activity and OsFRO1 expression in shoots of Pokkali”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron toxicity significantly decreased Pokkali shoot OsFRO1 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Gene
- OsFRO1e0
- Outcome
- OsFRO1 expressione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease of Fe-chelate reductase activity and OsFRO1 expression in shoots of Pokkali”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron toxicity did not significantly change four chelator-gene expressions in Pokkali shoots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Fe toxicitye0
- Gene
- OsDMAS1, OsYSL15, OsYSL2 and OsFRDL1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- no significant changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three chelators (OsDMAS1, OsYSL15, OsYSL2 and OsFRDL1) showed no significant changes in expression in shoots of Pokkali due to Fe toxicity”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron toxicity significantly upregulated chelator genes in BRRI 51.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- BRRI 51e0
- Treatment
- Fe-toxicitye0
- Outcome
- these genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas these genes were significantly upregulated under Fe-toxicity in sensitive BRRI 51”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron toxicity increased four antioxidant enzymes in Pokkali shoots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Fe toxicitye0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with elevated ascorbic acid, glutathione, cysteine, methionine and proline in shoots of Pokkali caused by Fe toxicity”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron toxicity elevated five antioxidant metabolites in Pokkali shoots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Fe toxicitye0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid, glutathione, cysteine, methionine and prolinee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated ascorbic acid, glutathione, cysteine, methionine and proline in shoots of Pokkali caused by Fe toxicity”
t0“rice”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.