Abstract
Bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is one of the most important destructive diseases of tomato in many parts of the agricultural world. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effects of Bacillus subtilis CBR05 inoculation on bacterial spot disease severity and the induction of defence-related enzymes response in tomato. Tomato leaves were evaluated to determine the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). A reduction in bacterial spot severity was observed in plants inoculated with B. subtilis, compared with those of uninoculated controls. A significant increase in SOD, CAT, POD, and PPO activities was observed in plants treated with B. subtilis after 24 h inoculation compared with non-inoculated pathogen control and mock-inoculated controls. Moreover, the MDA content was induced by pathogen infection, and its amount in B. subtilis inoculated plants was significantly lower than that in pathogen control. Our results suggest that early increases in antioxidant enzymes and the reduction in MDA content with B. subtilis inoculation may play a pivotal role in mitigating oxidative stress, thereby induced systemic resistance against bacterial spot disease in tomato.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation reduced tomato bacterial spot severity against uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- inoculated with B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
_(25868012152).jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonas campestrist1pathogen - Second interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- bacterial spot severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(25868012152).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A reduction in bacterial spot severity was observed in plants inoculated with B. subtilis, compared with those of uninoculated controls”
t0“tomato”
t1“Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus treatment significantly increased SOD, CAT and POD activities after 24 hours versus pathogen and mock controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated with B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- SOD, CAT, POD, and PPO activitiese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- after 24 h inoculatione0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated pathogen control and mock-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in SOD, CAT, POD, and PPO activities was observed in plants treated with B. subtilis after 24 h inoculation compared with non-inoculated pathogen control and mock-inoculated controls”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen infection induced MDA content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pathogen infectione0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoriaXanthomonas campestrist1pathogen
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MDA content was induced by pathogen infection”
t0“tomato”
t1“Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation significantly lowered MDA content versus pathogen control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis inoculatede0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- MDA contente1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- pathogen controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its amount in B. subtilis inoculated plants was significantly lower than that in pathogen control”
t0“tomato”
e1“the MDA content was induced by pathogen infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose early antioxidant increases and reduced MDA mitigate oxidative stress and induce systemic resistance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis inoculatione0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- systemic resistance against bacterial spot diseasee0
- Qualifier
- mitigating oxidative stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early increases in antioxidant enzymes and the reduction in MDA content with B. subtilis inoculation may play a pivotal role in mitigating oxidative stress, thereby induced systemic resistance against bacterial spot disease in tomato”
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