Abstract
AIMS: We aimed to enhance the antibacterial and growth-promoting effects of Paenibacillus polymyxa by improving the yield of spores, lipopeptides and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the fermentation process. METHODS AND RESULTS: with an increase of 176%, respectively, comparing with the original (un-optimized) culture conditions. The fermentation culture of P. polymyxa from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation resulted in higher colonization of P. polymyxa in soils than that from the original culture during the 49 days for testing. Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects. The enhanced antibacterial effect was shown as the increase of the inhibition zone by 59%, 45% and 26% against Ralstonia solanacearum, Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas campestris. The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of medium optimization and feeding fermentation effectively improved the yield of spores, lipopeptides and IAA. Lipopeptides and IAA lead to enhanced antibacterial and plant growth-promoting effects of the P. polymyxa product. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THIS STUDY: The optimized fermentation method significantly improved the yield of spores, lipopeptides and IAA, thus providing theoretical and technical support for enhancing the antibacterial and growth-promoting effects of P. polymyxa products in agriculture.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The optimized medium and feeding fermentation gave higher soil colonization by P. polymyxa than the original culture.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberry plants
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassa
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- optimized medium and feeding fermentatione2
- Interactor
- P. polymyxa
Paenibacillus polymyxae2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- colonizatione2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- original culturee2
- Setting
- soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e2“The fermentation culture of P. polymyxa from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation resulted in higher colonization of P. polymyxa in soils than that from the original culture during the 49 days for testing”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatant of the optimized P. polymyxa culture increased the inhibition zone against Ralstonia solanacearum by 59%.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentatione4
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume3pathogen - Second interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 59%e3
- Comparator
- supernatant of the original culturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e3“The enhanced antibacterial effect was shown as the increase of the inhibition zone by 59%, 45% and 26% against Ralstonia solanacearum, Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas campestris”
e4“Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatant of the optimized P. polymyxa culture increased the inhibition zone against Erwinia carotovora by 45%.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentatione4
- Interactor
- Erwinia carotovora
Pectobacterium carotovorume3pathogen - Second interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 45%e3
- Comparator
- supernatant of the original culturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e3“The enhanced antibacterial effect was shown as the increase of the inhibition zone by 59%, 45% and 26% against Ralstonia solanacearum, Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas campestris”
e4“Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatant of the optimized P. polymyxa culture increased the inhibition zone against Xanthomonas campestris by 26%.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentatione4
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris
_(25868012152).jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonas campestrise3pathogen - Second interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 26%e3
- Comparator
- supernatant of the original culturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(25868012152).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e3“The enhanced antibacterial effect was shown as the increase of the inhibition zone by 59%, 45% and 26% against Ralstonia solanacearum, Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas campestris”
e4“Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatant of the optimized P. polymyxa culture increased tomato plant height by 47%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentatione4
- Interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae4symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 47%e1
- Comparator
- supernatant of the original culturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e4“Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatant of the optimized P. polymyxa culture increased strawberry plant height by 5%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentatione4
- Interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae4symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 5%e1
- Comparator
- supernatant of the original culturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e4“Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatant of the optimized P. polymyxa culture increased tomato root length by 23%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentatione4
- Interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae4symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 23%e1
- Comparator
- supernatant of the original culturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e4“Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatant of the optimized P. polymyxa culture increased strawberry root length by 15%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentatione4
- Interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae4symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 15%e1
- Comparator
- supernatant of the original culturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e4“Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatant of the optimized P. polymyxa culture increased tomato root weight by 65%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentatione4
- Interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae4symbiont
- Outcome
- root weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 65%e1
- Comparator
- supernatant of the original culturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e4“Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatant of the optimized P. polymyxa culture increased strawberry root weight by 110%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentatione4
- Interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae4symbiont
- Outcome
- root weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 110%e1
- Comparator
- supernatant of the original culturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e4“Comparing with the supernatant of the original culture, the supernatant of the P. polymyxa culture from the optimized medium and feeding fermentation showed enhanced antibacterial effects and plant growth-promoting effects”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of medium optimization and feeding fermentation improved the yield of spores, lipopeptides and IAA.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- medium optimization and feeding fermentatione5
- Outcome
- yield of spores, lipopeptides and IAAe5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e5“The combination of medium optimization and feeding fermentation effectively improved the yield of spores, lipopeptides and IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipopeptides and IAA lead to enhanced antibacterial and plant growth-promoting effects of the P. polymyxa product.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- Lipopeptides and IAAe6
- Outcome
- enhanced antibacterial and plant growth-promoting effectse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The enhanced growth-promoting effects on tomato and strawberry plants were the increase of plant height by 47% and 5%, root length by 23% and 15% and root weight by 65% and 110%”
e6“Lipopeptides and IAA lead to enhanced antibacterial and plant growth-promoting effects of the P. polymyxa product”
The same questions in other papers
Paenibacillus polymyxa · growth · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Paenibacillus polymyxa · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
infection · Xanthomonas campestris · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
infection · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
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- negative
- negative
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See all 6 papers →processing · growth · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 9 papers →infection · growth · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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See all 11 papers →processing · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →in vitro · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →8 of 20 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.