Abstract
Nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem on global scale. The heavy metals are non-biodegradable in nature, which can easily accumulate in the organisms of lower trophic level, and enter to the human body system through food chain. From this backdrop, the present experiment highlighted the effect of three heavy metals (Cr, Pb, and Mn) in different concentrations (25, 50, and 75 ppm) on Cicer arietinum in terms of growth physiology, metal uptake, biochemistry, and ultrastructural deformation. The results showed that with increasing metals (Cr and Pb) concentrations from 25 ppm to 75 mg/L both root and shoot length decreased along with root and shoot biomass. However, Mn showed little improvement in all growth physiological parameters at 50 ppm concentration. Biochemical parameters also revealed that both Cr and Pb reduced 64.94 and 69.61% total chlorophyll, respectively, with respect to control. Chlorophyll “a” to “b” ratio was highest in Mn followed by Cr and Pb at higher concentration (75 ppm). Metal accumulation pattern indicated that Cr is less accumulated in root shoot and leaf compared to Mn and Pb in all the studied concentrations. However, accumulation of Mn in shoot was always higher compared to Pb in all studied concentrations. Ultrastructural damage was recorded highest for Cr in root, shoot and leaf at both 25 and 50 ppm concentration. However, at 75 ppm Pb showed highest deformation in root and leaf was observed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing chromium concentration from 25 to 75 mg/L decreased chickpea root and shoot length and biomass.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- Cre0
- Outcome
- root and shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 25 ppm to 75 mg/Le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increasing metals (Cr and Pb) concentrations from 25 ppm to 75 mg/L both root and shoot length decreased along with root and shoot biomass.”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing lead concentration from 25 to 75 mg/L decreased chickpea root and shoot length and biomass.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinumCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- root and shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 25 ppm to 75 mg/Le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increasing metals (Cr and Pb) concentrations from 25 ppm to 75 mg/L both root and shoot length decreased along with root and shoot biomass.”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese at 50 ppm slightly improved chickpea growth physiological parameters.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinumCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Mne0
- Outcome
- growth physiological parameterse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Qualifier
- 50 ppm concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mn showed little improvement in all growth physiological parameters at 50 ppm concentration.”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium reduced total chlorophyll in chickpea by 64.94% compared with control.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinumCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Cre0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 64.94e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Cr and Pb reduced 64.94 and 69.61% total chlorophyll, respectively, with respect to control.”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead reduced total chlorophyll in chickpea by 69.61% compared with control.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinumCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 69.61%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Cr and Pb reduced 64.94 and 69.61% total chlorophyll, respectively, with respect to control.”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75 ppm, the chlorophyll a-to-b ratio was highest under manganese, followed by chromium and lead.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinumCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Mne0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll “a” to “b” ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 75 ppme0
- Comparator
- Cr and Pbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll “a” to “b” ratio was highest in Mn followed by Cr and Pb at higher concentration (75 ppm).”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium accumulated less than manganese and lead in chickpea roots, shoots and leaves across concentrations.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinumCicer arietinume1
- Organ / stage
- root shoot and leafe0
- Outcome
- Cr is less accumulatede0
- Comparator
- Mn and Pbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cr is less accumulated in root shoot and leaf compared to Mn and Pb in all the studied concentrations.”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese accumulation in chickpea shoots was higher than lead accumulation across concentrations.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinumCicer arietinume1
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Mne0
- Comparator
- Pbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulation of Mn in shoot was always higher compared to Pb in all studied concentrations.”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium caused the greatest ultrastructural damage in chickpea roots, shoots and leaves at 25 and 50 ppm.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinumCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Cre0
- Outcome
- Ultrastructural damagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- at both 25 and 50 ppm concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ultrastructural damage was recorded highest for Cr in root, shoot and leaf at both 25 and 50 ppm concentration.”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75 ppm, lead caused the greatest deformation in chickpea roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinumCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- deformation in root and leafe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 75 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 75 ppm Pb showed highest deformation in root and leaf was observed.”
e1“on Cicer arietinum”
The same questions in other papers
chromium atom · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →manganese atom · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
lead atom · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
chromium atom · physiology: pigments · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.