Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of two strains of probiotic bacteria (Bacillus megaterium BM and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BA) combined with chemical fertilizers and vermicompost on the soil property, the yield and quality of tomato. The results showed that under the same nutrient level, vermicompost significantly increased the yield, soluble sugar and protein contents of fruit, the soil pH and available phosphorus when compared with chemical fertilizers. Vermicompost combined with probiotics not only increased the tomato yield, soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contents, sugar/acid ratio of fruit, and reduced the organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruit, also increased the soil pH and nitrate nitrogen content, and reduced soil electric conductivity when compared with vermicompost treatment. This improved efficiency was better than that by chemical fertilizers combined with probiotics. For BA and BM applied with chemical fertilizers or vermicompost, both stains had no significant effect on tomato quality. When co-applied with vermicompost, BA and BM showed significant difference in tomato yield. High soil available phosphorus content was determined when BM was combined with chemical fertilizers, while high soil available potassium content was obtained when BA was combined with vermicompost. Our results suggested that probiotics and vermicompost could be used as alternatives of chemical fertilizers in tomato production and soil fertility improvement.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost significantly increased yield compared with chemical fertilizers at the same nutrient level.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the same nutrient levele0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that under the same nutrient level, vermicompost significantly increased the yield, soluble sugar and protein contents of fruit, the soil pH and available phosphorus when compared with chemical fertilizers.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost significantly increased soluble sugar compared with chemical fertilizers at the same nutrient level.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the same nutrient levele0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that under the same nutrient level, vermicompost significantly increased the yield, soluble sugar and protein contents of fruit, the soil pH and available phosphorus when compared with chemical fertilizers.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost significantly increased protein contents of fruit compared with chemical fertilizers at the same nutrient level.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- protein contents of fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the same nutrient levele0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that under the same nutrient level, vermicompost significantly increased the yield, soluble sugar and protein contents of fruit, the soil pH and available phosphorus when compared with chemical fertilizers.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost significantly increased soil pH compared with chemical fertilizers at the same nutrient level.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the same nutrient levele0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that under the same nutrient level, vermicompost significantly increased the yield, soluble sugar and protein contents of fruit, the soil pH and available phosphorus when compared with chemical fertilizers.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost significantly increased available phosphorus compared with chemical fertilizers at the same nutrient level.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the same nutrient levele0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that under the same nutrient level, vermicompost significantly increased the yield, soluble sugar and protein contents of fruit, the soil pH and available phosphorus when compared with chemical fertilizers.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost combined with probiotics increased tomato yield relative to vermicompost alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Vermicompost combined with probioticse0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- vermicompost treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost combined with probiotics not only increased the tomato yield, soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contents, sugar/acid ratio of fruit, and reduced the organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruit, also increased the soil pH and nitrate nitrogen content, and reduced soil electric conductivity when compared with vermicompost treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost combined with probiotics increased soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contents relative to vermicompost alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Vermicompost combined with probioticse0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- vermicompost treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost combined with probiotics not only increased the tomato yield, soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contents, sugar/acid ratio of fruit, and reduced the organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruit, also increased the soil pH and nitrate nitrogen content, and reduced soil electric conductivity when compared with vermicompost treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost combined with probiotics increased sugar/acid ratio of fruit relative to vermicompost alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Vermicompost combined with probioticse0
- Outcome
- sugar/acid ratio of fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- vermicompost treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost combined with probiotics not only increased the tomato yield, soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contents, sugar/acid ratio of fruit, and reduced the organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruit, also increased the soil pH and nitrate nitrogen content, and reduced soil electric conductivity when compared with vermicompost treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost combined with probiotics increased soil pH and nitrate nitrogen content relative to vermicompost alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Vermicompost combined with probioticse0
- Outcome
- soil pH and nitrate nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- vermicompost treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost combined with probiotics not only increased the tomato yield, soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contents, sugar/acid ratio of fruit, and reduced the organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruit, also increased the soil pH and nitrate nitrogen content, and reduced soil electric conductivity when compared with vermicompost treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost combined with probiotics reduced organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruit relative to vermicompost alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Vermicompost combined with probioticse0
- Outcome
- organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- vermicompost treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost combined with probiotics not only increased the tomato yield, soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contents, sugar/acid ratio of fruit, and reduced the organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruit, also increased the soil pH and nitrate nitrogen content, and reduced soil electric conductivity when compared with vermicompost treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost combined with probiotics reduced soil electric conductivity relative to vermicompost alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Vermicompost combined with probioticse0
- Outcome
- soil electric conductivitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- vermicompost treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost combined with probiotics not only increased the tomato yield, soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contents, sugar/acid ratio of fruit, and reduced the organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruit, also increased the soil pH and nitrate nitrogen content, and reduced soil electric conductivity when compared with vermicompost treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost with probiotics had better improved efficiency than chemical fertilizers with probiotics.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Vermicompost combined with probioticse1
- Outcome
- improved efficiencye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizers combined with probioticse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This improved efficiency was better than that by chemical fertilizers combined with probiotics.”
e1“Vermicompost combined with probiotics”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BA applied with chemical fertilizers or vermicompost had no significant effect on tomato quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- tomato qualitye0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- applied with chemical fertilizers or vermicomposte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For BA and BM applied with chemical fertilizers or vermicompost, both stains had no significant effect on tomato quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
BM applied with chemical fertilizers or vermicompost had no significant effect on tomato quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BMe0
- Outcome
- tomato qualitye0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- applied with chemical fertilizers or vermicomposte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For BA and BM applied with chemical fertilizers or vermicompost, both stains had no significant effect on tomato quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA and BM differed significantly in tomato yield when co-applied with vermicompost.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Qualifier
- co-applied with vermicomposte0
- Comparator
- BMe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When co-applied with vermicompost, BA and BM showed significant difference in tomato yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
BM combined with chemical fertilizers gave high soil available phosphorus content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- BM was combined with chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil available phosphorus contente0
- Direction
- Highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High soil available phosphorus content was determined when BM was combined with chemical fertilizers, while high soil available potassium content was obtained when BA was combined with vermicompost.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BA combined with vermicompost gave high soil available potassium content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- BA was combined with vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- soil available potassium contente0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High soil available phosphorus content was determined when BM was combined with chemical fertilizers, while high soil available potassium content was obtained when BA was combined with vermicompost.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest probiotics and vermicompost as alternatives to chemical fertilizers for tomato production and soil fertility.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- probiotics and vermicompost could be used as alternatives of chemical fertilizers in tomato production and soil fertility improvemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results suggested that probiotics and vermicompost could be used as alternatives of chemical fertilizers in tomato production and soil fertility improvement.”
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