Abstract
White rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk), is one of the most destructive soil borne pathogens that pose significant threat to production of garlic and other Allium species in Ethiopia and all over the world. Since most of the conventional control methods are not effective, the development of eco-friendly and cost effective integrated management method is critically required. A study was then conducted with completely randomized design and three replications that consist of all possible combinations of 31 treatments. The study was conducted during 2013/14 under greenhouse condition with the objective of evaluating the effect of two fungicides, Apron Star 42 WS and Tebuconazole, and in combination with four Trichoderma species namely T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. oblongisporum and T. viride. The results of this study revealed that the efficacy of both fungicides, when tested alone, against S. cepivorum was lower than those treated with Trichoderma spp. alone and the fungicide combined treatments. Among all treatments, T16 (Apron Star 42 WS fungicide combined with T. hamatum and T. viride) has provided the best antagonistic activity against S. cepivorum with no disease incidence, followed by T. viride (T8) alone and Tebuconazole combined with T. hamtum (T21) (both 11.1% incidence). This was well correlated to the level of foliar, stem base and bulb rots symptoms as well as to plant growth and biomass of garlic plant parts. The results suggested that integration of fungicides and Trichoderma species is better than applying them alone, which could be attributed to the synergistic and additive growth promoting effects of combined treatments besides controlling the disease. This integrated approach appears to be the first report in Ethiopia, which has never been tested before.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Efficacy of both fungicides tested alone against S. cepivorum was lower than that of Trichoderma spp. alone.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume1 - Treatment
- both fungicides, when tested alonee0
- Interactor
- S. cepivorumStromatinia cepivorae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma spp.
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Trichoderma spp. alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy of both fungicides, when tested alone, against S. cepivorum was lower than those treated with Trichoderma spp. alone and the fungicide combined treatments”
e1“production of garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficacy of both fungicides tested alone against S. cepivorum was lower than that of the fungicide combined treatments.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- both fungicides, when tested alonee0
- Interactor
- S. cepivorumStromatinia cepivorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the fungicide combined treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy of both fungicides, when tested alone, against S. cepivorum was lower than those treated with Trichoderma spp. alone and the fungicide combined treatments”
e1“production of garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Among all treatments, T16 (Apron Star 42 WS fungicide combined with T. hamatum and T. viride) gave the best antagonistic activity against S. cepivorum, with no disease incidence.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- T16 (Apron Star 42 WS fungicide combined with T. hamatum and T. viride)e0
- Interactor
- S. cepivorumStromatinia cepivorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- antagonistic activitye0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- no disease incidencee0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments, T16 (Apron Star 42 WS fungicide combined with T. hamatum and T. viride) has provided the best antagonistic activity against S. cepivorum with no disease incidence”
e1“production of garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride alone (T8) was associated with 11.1% disease incidence, following T16.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- T. viride (T8) alonee0
- Interactor
- T. viride
Trichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- incidencee0
- Value
- 11.1%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by T. viride (T8) alone and Tebuconazole combined with T. hamtum (T21) (both 11.1% incidence)”
e1“production of garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole combined with T. hamtum (T21) was associated with 11.1% disease incidence, following T16.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- Tebuconazole combined with T. hamtum (T21)e0
- Interactor
- T. hamtume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidencee0
- Value
- 11.1%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by T. viride (T8) alone and Tebuconazole combined with T. hamtum (T21) (both 11.1% incidence)”
e1“production of garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The antagonistic activity was well correlated with the level of foliar, stem base and bulb rot symptoms and with plant growth and biomass of garlic plant parts.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Outcome
- well correlated to the level of foliar, stem base and bulb rots symptoms as well as to plant growth and biomasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was well correlated to the level of foliar, stem base and bulb rots symptoms as well as to plant growth and biomass of garlic plant parts”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that integrating fungicides with Trichoderma species is better than applying them alone.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- integration of fungicides and Trichoderma speciese0
- Outcome
- bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- applying them alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integration of fungicides and Trichoderma species is better than applying them alone”
e1“production of garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the benefit of combined treatments could be attributed to synergistic and additive growth promoting effects besides controlling the disease.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- combined treatmentse0
- Outcome
- controlling the diseasee0
- Qualifier
- synergistic and additive growth promoting effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synergistic and additive growth promoting effects of combined treatments besides controlling the disease”
e1“production of garlic”
The same questions in other papers
tebuconazole · disease · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →fungicide · Stromatinia cepivora · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.