Abstract
In this research, a comprehensive simulation model for water cycle and the nitrogen dynamics modeling including all the important processes involved in nitrogen transformations such as fertilizer dissolution, nitrification, denitrification, ammonium volatilization, mineralization, immobilization as well as all the important nitrogen transportation processes including nitrogen uptake by the plant, soil particles adsorption, upward flux, surface runoff losses and drain losses, was used for fertilizer management modeling in a sugarcane farmland in Imam Khomeini Agro-Industrial Company using a system dynamics approach. For evaluating the model the data collected from Imam Agro-Industrial Company equipped with a tile drainage system with shallow ground water and located in Khuzestan province, Iran, were used. The statistical analysis of the observed and simulated data showed that the RMSE for determining the accuracy of simulation of the nitrate and ammonium concentration in drainage water is 1.73 mg/L and 0.48 mg/L, respectively. The results indicated that there is good agreement between the observed and the simulated data. Nine scenarios of fertilization at different levels of urea fertilizer were modeled including one scenario of 400 kg/ha, two spilit scenarios of 350 kg/ha, two spilit scenarios of 325 kg/ha, two spilit scenarios of 300 kg/ha, one scenario of 280 kg/ha and one scenario of 210 kg/ha. Results of the modeling showed that the scenario of 210 kg/ha has the highest nitrogen use efficiency (52.3%) and the lowest nitrogen losses consisted of denitrification, ammonium volatilization and drainage losses (17.82, 7.16 and 92.59 kg/ha, respectively). The results revealed that increasing the consumption of urea fertilizer greater than 210 kg/ha increased the overall nitrogen losses and reduced the nitrogen use efficiency. Meanwhile, this model can be used for managing the fertilizer and controlling the nitrate and ammonium concentrations in the drainage water to prevent the environmental pollution. Also, the system dynamics approach was found as an effective technique for simulating the complex water-soil-plant-drainage system.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The model simulated drainage nitrate concentration with RMSE 1.73 mg/L.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the RMSE for determining the accuracy of simulation of the nitrate and ammonium concentration in drainage water is 1.73 mg/L and 0.48 mg/L, respectively”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
The model simulated drainage ammonium concentration with RMSE 0.48 mg/L.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the RMSE for determining the accuracy of simulation of the nitrate and ammonium concentration in drainage water is 1.73 mg/L and 0.48 mg/L, respectively”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
The modeled 210 kg/ha urea scenario had highest nitrogen use efficiency, 52.3%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the scenario of 210 kg/ha has the highest nitrogen use efficiency (52.3%)”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
At 210 kg/ha, modeled denitrification loss was 17.82 kg/ha.
Verbatim
e0“denitrification, ammonium volatilization and drainage losses (17.82, 7.16 and 92.59 kg/ha, respectively)”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
At 210 kg/ha, modeled ammonium volatilization loss was 7.16 kg/ha.
Verbatim
e0“denitrification, ammonium volatilization and drainage losses (17.82, 7.16 and 92.59 kg/ha, respectively)”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
At 210 kg/ha, modeled drainage loss was 92.59 kg/ha.
Verbatim
e0“denitrification, ammonium volatilization and drainage losses (17.82, 7.16 and 92.59 kg/ha, respectively)”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea above 210 kg/ha increased overall nitrogen losses.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- urea fertilizer greater than 210 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- overall nitrogen lossese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increasing the consumption of urea fertilizer greater than 210 kg/ha increased the overall nitrogen losses”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea above 210 kg/ha reduced nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- urea fertilizer greater than 210 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increasing the consumption of urea fertilizer greater than 210 kg/ha increased the overall nitrogen losses and reduced the nitrogen use efficiency”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors found system dynamics effective for simulating the water-soil-plant-drainage system.
Not reportedComparatorValue
Verbatim
e0“the system dynamics approach was found as an effective technique for simulating the complex water-soil-plant-drainage system”
t0“Sugarcane”
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