Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the phytotoxicity of Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods, TiO 2 NPs; and MWCNTs to rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings during germination, including rice germination ratio, root length, shoot length and fresh weight. Our investigation found that all nanoparticles inhibited the germination of rice seeds. Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length, and stimulated shoots growth at most concentrations, but had no obvious effect on fresh weight.. Our study showed a comprehensive understanding of nanoparticles toxicity during plants germination. To our best knowledge, it was the first time to investigate the influence of Fe 2 O 3 nanomaterials morphologies on plants germination.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
All nanoparticles inhibited rice seed germination.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Treatment
- nanoparticlese1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e1“all nanoparticles inhibited the germination of rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 nanocubes significantly promoted rice root length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 nanocubese2
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 short nanorods significantly promoted rice root length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 short nanorodse2
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 long nanorods significantly promoted rice root length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 long nanorodse2
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO2 nanoparticles significantly promoted rice root length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPse2
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 nanocubes stimulated rice shoot growth at most concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse3
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 nanocubese2
- Outcome
- shoots growthe3
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Qualifier
- at most concentrationse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
e3“stimulated shoots growth at most concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 short nanorods stimulated rice shoot growth at most concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse3
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 short nanorodse2
- Outcome
- shoots growthe3
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Qualifier
- at most concentrationse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
e3“stimulated shoots growth at most concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 long nanorods stimulated rice shoot growth at most concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse3
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 long nanorodse2
- Outcome
- shoots growthe3
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Qualifier
- at most concentrationse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
e3“stimulated shoots growth at most concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO2 nanoparticles stimulated rice shoot growth at most concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse3
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPse2
- Outcome
- shoots growthe3
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Qualifier
- at most concentrationse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
e3“stimulated shoots growth at most concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 nanocubes had no obvious effect on rice fresh weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 nanocubese2
- Outcome
- fresh weighte4
- Direction
- no obvious effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
e4“but had no obvious effect on fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 short nanorods had no obvious effect on rice fresh weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 short nanorodse2
- Outcome
- fresh weighte4
- Direction
- no obvious effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
e4“but had no obvious effect on fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 long nanorods had no obvious effect on rice fresh weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 long nanorodse2
- Outcome
- fresh weighte4
- Direction
- no obvious effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
e4“but had no obvious effect on fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO2 nanoparticles had no obvious effect on rice fresh weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPse2
- Outcome
- fresh weighte4
- Direction
- no obvious effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seedling Growth in Rice”
e2“Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes, Fe 2 O 3 short nanorods, Fe 2 O 3 long nanorods and TiO 2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length”
e4“but had no obvious effect on fresh weight”
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