Abstract
Tropospheric ozone causes various negative effects on plants and affects the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Here, we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) to determine candidate loci associated with ozone tolerance. A diversity panel consisting of 328 accessions representing all subgroups of O. sativa was exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions. Averaged over all genotypes, ozone significantly affected biomass-related traits (plant height -1.0%, shoot dry weight -15.9%, tiller number -8.3%, grain weight -9.3%, total panicle weight -19.7%, single panicle weight -5.5%) and biochemical/physiological traits (symptom formation, SPAD value -4.4%, foliar lignin content +3.4%). A wide range of genotypic variance in response to ozone stress were observed in all phenotypes. Association mapping based on more than 30 000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers yielded 16 significant markers throughout the genome by applying a significance threshold of P<0.0001. Furthermore, by determining linkage disequilibrium blocks associated with significant SNPs, we gained a total of 195 candidate genes for these traits. The following sequence analysis revealed a number of novel polymorphisms in two candidate genes for the formation of visible leaf symptoms, a RING and an EREBP gene, both of which are involved in cell death and stress defence reactions. This study demonstrated substantial natural variation of responses to ozone in rice and the possibility of using GWAS in elucidating the genetic factors underlying ozone tolerance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased shoot dry weight in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth seasone1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- -15.9%e2
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions”
e2“shoot dry weight -15.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased grain weight in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth seasone1
- Outcome
- grain weighte2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- -9.3%e2
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions”
e2“grain weight -9.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased total panicle weight in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth seasone1
- Outcome
- total panicle weighte2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- -19.7%e2
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions”
e2“total panicle weight -19.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased tiller number in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth seasone1
- Outcome
- tiller numbere2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- -8.3%e2
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions”
e2“tiller number -8.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased plant height in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth seasone1
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- -1.0%e2
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions”
e2“plant height -1.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased single panicle weight in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth seasone1
- Outcome
- single panicle weighte2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- -5.5%e2
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions”
e2“single panicle weight -5.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased SPAD value in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth seasone1
- Outcome
- SPAD valuee2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- -4.4%e2
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions”
e2“SPAD value -4.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone increased foliar lignin content in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth seasone1
- Outcome
- foliar lignin contente2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- +3.4%e2
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions”
e2“foliar lignin content +3.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone significantly affected symptom formation in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth seasone1
- Outcome
- symptom formatione4
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions”
e4“symptom formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Association mapping in rice yielded 16 significant markers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- significant markerse5
- Value
- 16e5
- Qualifier
- by applying a significance threshold of P<0.0001e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e5“yielded 16 significant markers throughout the genome by applying a significance threshold of P<0.0001”
Claim · model-written summary
The association study gained 195 candidate genes for the ozone-related traits in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- candidate genese6
- Value
- 195e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e6“we gained a total of 195 candidate genes for these traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Novel polymorphisms were found in two candidate genes for visible leaf symptoms in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- RING and an EREBP genee7
- Outcome
- novel polymorphismse7
- Qualifier
- for the formation of visible leaf symptomse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e7“a number of novel polymorphisms in two candidate genes for the formation of visible leaf symptoms, a RING and an EREBP gene, both of which are involved in cell death and stress defence reactions”
Claim · model-written summary
A wide range of genotypic variance in response to ozone stress was observed in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- genotypic variance in response to ozone stresse6
- Qualifier
- in all phenotypese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e6“A wide range of genotypic variance in response to ozone stress were observed in all phenotypes”
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See all 172 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.