Abstract
Studying the physioecological mechanisms behind the high daily productivity of ratoon rice is essential for improving farming strategies and maintaining stable yields in intensive cropping systems. This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022. The results demonstrated that RSR maintained higher leaf SPAD values than both MR and LR at the heading stage. Moreover, the translocation efficiency of stem-stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) to grains was significantly greater in RSR compared to MR (24.18–58.1%) and LR (24.59–63.5%). 13C isotope labeling confirmed that RSR exhibited superior assimilate allocation to grain pools, with values 13.7% and 14.74% higher than those of MR and LR, respectively. Anatomical analysis of vascular bundles at panicle-stem nodes showed an increased phloem area proportion in RSR. Furthermore, RSR exhibited elevated expression levels of genes associated with nitrogen uptake and metabolism regulation (AMTs, NRTs, and NRFs), sucrose transport (SUTs, SWEET11, and INVs), and stress tolerance (TPSs and TPPs), particularly within its grain parts, relative to MR and LR. Enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and invertase in RSR grains were also significantly higher than in MR and LR. Further analysis indicated that these advantageous physiological traits in RSR arise from the elevated gene expression and enzyme activities, which are positively modulated by endogenous hormones including zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These hormones serve as key factors for the efficient coordination of matter production and translocation in rice ratooning. This study provides important theoretical and practical insights into the formation and regulation mechanisms of high and stable yield in ratoon rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ratooning season rice maintained higher leaf SPAD values than main crop rice and single-cropping mid-late rice at heading.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- ratooning season rice (RSR)e0
- Outcome
- leaf SPAD valuese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- at the heading stagee1
- Comparator
- MR and LRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e1“The results demonstrated that RSR maintained higher leaf SPAD values than both MR and LR at the heading stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Translocation efficiency of stem-stored non-structural carbohydrates to grains was significantly greater in ratooning season rice than in main crop rice (24.18–58.1%).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- steme2
- Treatment
- ratooning season rice (RSR)e0
- Compound
- non-structural carbohydrates (NSC)e2
- Outcome
- translocation efficiency of stem-stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) to grainse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 24.18–58.1%e2
- Comparator
- MRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e2“the translocation efficiency of stem-stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) to grains was significantly greater in RSR compared to MR (24.18–58.1%) and LR (24.59–63.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Translocation efficiency of stem-stored non-structural carbohydrates to grains was significantly greater in ratooning season rice than in single-cropping mid-late rice (24.59–63.5%).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- steme2
- Treatment
- ratooning season rice (RSR)e0
- Compound
- non-structural carbohydrates (NSC)e2
- Outcome
- translocation efficiency of stem-stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) to grainse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 24.59–63.5%e2
- Comparator
- LRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e2“the translocation efficiency of stem-stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) to grains was significantly greater in RSR compared to MR (24.18–58.1%) and LR (24.59–63.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
13C labeling showed that ratooning season rice allocated 13.7% more assimilate to grain pools than main crop rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 13C isotope labelinge3
- Outcome
- assimilate allocation to grain poolse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 13.7%e3
- Comparator
- MRe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e3“13C isotope labeling confirmed that RSR exhibited superior assimilate allocation to grain pools, with values 13.7% and 14.74% higher than those of MR and LR, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
13C labeling showed that ratooning season rice allocated 14.74% more assimilate to grain pools than single-cropping mid-late rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 13C isotope labelinge3
- Outcome
- assimilate allocation to grain poolse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 14.74%e3
- Comparator
- LRe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e3“13C isotope labeling confirmed that RSR exhibited superior assimilate allocation to grain pools, with values 13.7% and 14.74% higher than those of MR and LR, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ratooning season rice showed an increased phloem area proportion at panicle-stem nodes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vascular bundles at panicle-stem nodese4
- Outcome
- phloem area proportione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e4“Anatomical analysis of vascular bundles at panicle-stem nodes showed an increased phloem area proportion in RSR”
Claim · model-written summary
Ratooning season rice grains showed elevated expression of genes for nitrogen uptake and metabolism regulation relative to main crop and single-cropping rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- grain partse5
- Treatment
- ratooning season rice (RSR)e0
- Gene
- AMTs, NRTs, and NRFse5
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake and metabolism regulatione5
- Direction
- elevatede5
- Comparator
- MR and LRe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e5“RSR exhibited elevated expression levels of genes associated with nitrogen uptake and metabolism regulation (AMTs, NRTs, and NRFs), sucrose transport (SUTs, SWEET11, and INVs), and stress tolerance (TPSs and TPPs), particularly within its grain parts, relative to MR and LR”
Claim · model-written summary
Ratooning season rice grains showed elevated expression of genes for sucrose transport relative to main crop and single-cropping rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- grain partse5
- Treatment
- ratooning season rice (RSR)e0
- Gene
- SUTs, SWEET11, and INVse5
- Outcome
- sucrose transporte5
- Direction
- elevatede5
- Comparator
- MR and LRe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e5“RSR exhibited elevated expression levels of genes associated with nitrogen uptake and metabolism regulation (AMTs, NRTs, and NRFs), sucrose transport (SUTs, SWEET11, and INVs), and stress tolerance (TPSs and TPPs), particularly within its grain parts, relative to MR and LR”
Claim · model-written summary
Ratooning season rice grains showed elevated expression of genes for stress tolerance relative to main crop and single-cropping rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- grain partse5
- Treatment
- ratooning season rice (RSR)e0
- Gene
- TPSs and TPPse5
- Outcome
- stress tolerancee5
- Direction
- elevatede5
- Comparator
- MR and LRe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e5“RSR exhibited elevated expression levels of genes associated with nitrogen uptake and metabolism regulation (AMTs, NRTs, and NRFs), sucrose transport (SUTs, SWEET11, and INVs), and stress tolerance (TPSs and TPPs), particularly within its grain parts, relative to MR and LR”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and invertase were significantly higher in ratooning season rice grains than in main crop and single-cropping rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- RSR grainse6
- Treatment
- ratooning season rice (RSR)e0
- Gene
- sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and invertasee6
- Outcome
- Enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and invertasee6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- MR and LRe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e6“Enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and invertase in RSR grains were also significantly higher than in MR and LR”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous hormones zeatin riboside, abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid positively modulate the elevated gene expression and enzyme activities behind the advantageous physiological traits of ratooning season rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e7
- Outcome
- these advantageous physiological traitse7
- Qualifier
- elevated gene expression and enzyme activitiese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study compared the physiological traits of main crop rice (MR), ratooning season rice (RSR), and single-cropping mid-late rice (LR) with the same genotype and flowering time as RSR, from 2021 to 2022”
e7“these advantageous physiological traits in RSR arise from the elevated gene expression and enzyme activities, which are positively modulated by endogenous hormones including zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)”
The same questions in other papers
climate site · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
climate site · quality: sugar starch · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
climate site · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →climate site · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →climate site · physiology: enzyme activity · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.