Abstract
Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield. Therefore, screening and identification of flood-tolerant soybeans will enhance development of cultivars that are well suited for flood-prone areas. Sets of screening tests were conducted in Stuttgart, Arkansas using three separate but related experiments, with the purpose of establishing effective flood tolerance screening protocol that can identify tolerant and sensitive cultivars. Each experiment was completely randomized with three replications. The first experiment involved screening of 256 maturity group (IV and V) cultivars. Flooding was imposed at the fifth-node (V5) or first-bloom (R1) stage for ten days. Post-flood visual ratings and stand counts were done three times every 3-5 days interval. Flood responses differed significantly among cultivars, within MG, and between growth stages (GS). Soybeans were more sensitive to flooding at V5 than R1. Maturity group had no main effect on flood damage; however, the severity of flood damage at a particular GS was dependent on the MG. In the second experiment, 30 cultivars were subjected to 5, 10, and 15-day floods at R1 and post-flood visual ratings and stand counts done on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th day. In the final experiment, 40 cultivars were subjected to 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15-day floods at V5 and R1 followed by flood damage ratings on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th day. Flood duration, scoring time, and GS had a significant effect on genotypic response to flooding. Damage caused by flood increased linearly with flood duration and scoring time after flood removal. Plants were more sensitive to flooding at R1 than V5. Significant reduction of chlorophyll content was observed in plants subjected to longer flooding durations. Significant correlation between visual scores and percent dead plants can support decisions in identifying flood-tolerant cultivars. Cultivars with extreme responses to flood stress were identified and will have utility in future genetic studies for tolerance mechanisms and breeding for flood-tolerant cultivars. Five effective and relatively inexpensive screening methodologies for flood tolerance in the field at the V5 and R1 were established. However, the established methodologies need to be assessed under different soil types and environmental conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean flood responses differed significantly among cultivars, within maturity groups and between growth stages.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- Flood responsese1
- Qualifier
- among cultivars, within MG, and between growth stagese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e1“Flood responses differed significantly among cultivars, within MG, and between growth stages (GS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans were more sensitive to flooding at V5 than at R1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- V5e2
- Treatment
- flooding at V5e2
- Outcome
- sensitive to floodinge2
- Direction
- more sensitivee2
- Comparator
- R1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e2“Soybeans were more sensitive to flooding at V5 than R1”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturity group had no main effect on flood damage in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Maturity groupe3
- Outcome
- flood damagee3
- Direction
- no main effecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e3“Maturity group had no main effect on flood damage”
Claim · model-written summary
The severity of flood damage at a given growth stage depended on maturity group in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- GSe4
- Treatment
- MGe4
- Outcome
- severity of flood damagee4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e4“the severity of flood damage at a particular GS was dependent on the MG”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean plants were more sensitive to flooding at R1 than at V5.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- R1e5
- Treatment
- flooding at R1e5
- Outcome
- sensitive to floodinge5
- Direction
- more sensitivee5
- Comparator
- V5e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e5“Plants were more sensitive to flooding at R1 than V5”
Claim · model-written summary
Flood damage increased linearly with flood duration in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- flood duratione6
- Outcome
- Damage caused by floode6
- Direction
- increased linearlye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e6“Damage caused by flood increased linearly with flood duration and scoring time after flood removal”
Claim · model-written summary
Flood duration, scoring time and growth stage had a significant effect on the genotypic response to flooding in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Flood duratione7
- Outcome
- genotypic response to floodinge7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e7“Flood duration, scoring time, and GS had a significant effect on genotypic response to flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Significantly longer flooding durations reduced chlorophyll content in soybean plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- longer flooding durationse4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente4
- Direction
- reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e4“Significant reduction of chlorophyll content was observed in plants subjected to longer flooding durations”
Claim · model-written summary
Visual scores were significantly correlated with percent dead plants in soybean screening.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- visual scorese5
- Comparator
- percent dead plantse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e5“Significant correlation between visual scores and percent dead plants can support decisions in identifying flood-tolerant cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars with extreme responses to flood stress were identified in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- extreme responses to flood stresse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e6“Cultivars with extreme responses to flood stress were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Five screening methodologies for soybean flood tolerance in the field at V5 and R1 were established.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- screening methodologies for flood tolerancee7
- Value
- Fivee7
- Setting
- in the fielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield”
e7“Five effective and relatively inexpensive screening methodologies for flood tolerance in the field at the V5 and R1 were established”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.