Abstract
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was applied at various stages of maturity to corn ( Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer brand 3147’ and ‘Dekalb XL 394’), soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Forrest’ and ‘Essex’], and johnsongrass [ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.]. Glyphosate applied over-the-top of corn before the grain moisture level decreased to 30% (black layer will have been formed) caused various seed and subsequent progeny abnormalities. Depending on grain moisture level at the time of glyphosate application, seed weight was sometimes reduced and progeny seedling emergence, vigor, and weight were reduced. Also, abnormal seedlings, albino or straited, occurred. Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturity reduced seed weight, caused seed discoloration, and drastically reduced progeny seedling emergence, vigor, and weight. Glyphosate applied in September or early October controlled semimature johnsongrass. Later applications were less effective because of advanced senescence.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Over-the-top glyphosate on corn before grain moisture fell to 30% caused seed and progeny abnormalities.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Glyphosate applied over-the-tope1
- Outcome
- seed and subsequent progeny abnormalitiese1
- Qualifier
- before the grain moisture level decreased to 30%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Glyphosate applied over-the-top of corn before the grain moisture level decreased to 30% (black layer will have been formed) caused various seed and subsequent progeny abnormalities”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied to corn at the time of application sometimes reduced seed weight.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- glyphosate applicatione2
- Outcome
- seed weighte2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- sometimese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Glyphosate applied over-the-top of corn before the grain moisture level decreased to 30% (black layer will have been formed) caused various seed and subsequent progeny abnormalities”
e2“Depending on grain moisture level at the time of glyphosate application, seed weight was sometimes reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied to corn at the time of application reduced progeny seedling emergence, vigor and weight.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied over-the-tope1
- Outcome
- progeny seedling emergence, vigor, and weighte2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Glyphosate applied over-the-top of corn before the grain moisture level decreased to 30% (black layer will have been formed) caused various seed and subsequent progeny abnormalities”
e2“progeny seedling emergence, vigor, and weight were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied to corn caused abnormal seedlings, albino or striped.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied over-the-tope1
- Outcome
- abnormal seedlingse3
- Qualifier
- albino or straitede3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Glyphosate applied over-the-top of corn before the grain moisture level decreased to 30% (black layer will have been formed) caused various seed and subsequent progeny abnormalities”
e3“Also, abnormal seedlings, albino or straited, occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturity reduced soybean seed weight.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe4 - Treatment
- Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturitye4
- Outcome
- seed weighte4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturity reduced seed weight, caused seed discoloration, and drastically reduced progeny seedling emergence, vigor, and weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturity caused soybean seed discoloration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturitye4
- Outcome
- seed discoloratione4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturity reduced seed weight, caused seed discoloration, and drastically reduced progeny seedling emergence, vigor, and weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturity drastically reduced progeny seedling emergence, vigor and weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturitye4
- Outcome
- progeny seedling emergence, vigor, and weighte4
- Direction
- drastically reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Glyphosate applied 2½ weeks or more before soybean maturity reduced seed weight, caused seed discoloration, and drastically reduced progeny seedling emergence, vigor, and weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied in September or early October controlled semimature johnsongrass.
- Taxon
- johnsongrass
.jpg?width=60)
Sorghum halepensee5 - Treatment
- Glyphosate applied in September or early Octobere5
- Outcome
- semimature johnsongrasse5
- Direction
- controllede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e5“Glyphosate applied in September or early October controlled semimature johnsongrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Later glyphosate applications on johnsongrass were less effective than September or early October applications.
- Taxon
- johnsongrassSorghum halepensee5
- Treatment
- Later applicationse6
- Outcome
- effectivee6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Qualifier
- because of advanced senescencee6
- Comparator
- Glyphosate applied in September or early Octobere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Glyphosate applied in September or early October controlled semimature johnsongrass”
e6“Later applications were less effective because of advanced senescence”
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See all 121 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.