Abstract
Abstract Integrating livestock into crop rotations offers alternatives for grazing and crop management. Grazing, tillage, and herbicides were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replications for transition from alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) to corn ( Zea mays L.). For the control (T1), alfalfa was overseeded with rye ( Secale cereale L.) in October, and corn was no‐till established in early May. For alternative treatments, alfalfa was grazed by cattle ( Bos taurus ) from July until October. Treatments were: T2, disking prior to rye planting, grazing rye for 12.5 d prior to corn planting, with dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid) applied after corn planting; T3, no spring grazing, with glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine] applied before corn planting; T4, same as T3 plus grazing rye for 1.8 d in early spring; T5, autumn application of glyphosate to alfalfa before planting a rye‐hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop; and T6, autumn disking before planting rye‐hairy vetch with no herbicides used. System T2 increased suppression of alfalfa and corn plant populations compared with shorter grazing periods. System T4 increased corn plant populations compared with no spring grazing (T3; 3.5 vs. 3.0 plants m −1 ). Autumn disking (T6) generally provided less control of alfalfa than autumn application of glyphosate (T5). Applying glyphosate before corn planting (T3 and T4) improved corn populations and growth, compared with autumn glyphosate or disking (T5 and T6), and resulted in corn forage yield (23 Mg ha −1 ) similar to conventional no‐till establishment (T1; 22 Mg ha −1 ). Herbicides completely killed alfalfa, but grazing alfalfa and rye reduced alfalfa persistence. Grazing could provide benefits to corn production systems while providing forage for cattle.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
System T2 increased suppression of alfalfa compared with shorter grazing periods.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- System T2e1
- Outcome
- suppression of alfalfa and corn plant populationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- shorter grazing periodse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“System T2 increased suppression of alfalfa and corn plant populations compared with shorter grazing periods”
Claim · model-written summary
System T2 increased suppression of corn plant populations compared with shorter grazing periods.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- System T2e1
- Outcome
- suppression of alfalfa and corn plant populationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- shorter grazing periodse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“System T2 increased suppression of alfalfa and corn plant populations compared with shorter grazing periods”
Claim · model-written summary
System T4 increased corn plant populations compared with no spring grazing (T3), 3.5 vs. 3.0 plants per m.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- System T4e1
- Outcome
- corn plant populationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 3.5 vs. 3.0 plants m −1e1
- Comparator
- no spring grazinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“System T4 increased corn plant populations compared with no spring grazing (T3; 3.5 vs. 3.0 plants m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn disking (T6) generally provided less control of alfalfa than autumn application of glyphosate (T5).
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Autumn disking (T6)e1
- Outcome
- control of alfalfae1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- autumn application of glyphosate (T5)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Autumn disking (T6) generally provided less control of alfalfa than autumn application of glyphosate (T5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying glyphosate before corn planting (T3 and T4) improved corn populations and growth compared with autumn glyphosate or disking (T5 and T6).
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Applying glyphosate before corn plantinge1
- Outcome
- corn populations and growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- autumn glyphosate or disking (T5 and T6)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Applying glyphosate before corn planting (T3 and T4) improved corn populations and growth, compared with autumn glyphosate or disking (T5 and T6)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied before corn planting gave corn forage yield of 23 Mg per ha, similar to conventional no-till establishment (22 Mg per ha).
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- Applying glyphosate before corn plantinge1
- Outcome
- corn forage yielde2
- Direction
- similare2
- Value
- 23 Mg ha −1e2
- Qualifier
- 22 Mg ha −1e2
- Comparator
- conventional no‐till establishmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Applying glyphosate before corn planting (T3 and T4)”
e2“resulted in corn forage yield (23 Mg ha −1 ) similar to conventional no‐till establishment (T1; 22 Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides completely killed alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Herbicidese1
- Outcome
- killed alfalfae1
- Direction
- completelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Herbicides completely killed alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing alfalfa and rye reduced alfalfa persistence.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- grazing alfalfa and ryee1
- Outcome
- alfalfa persistencee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“grazing alfalfa and rye reduced alfalfa persistence”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that grazing could provide benefits to corn production systems while providing forage for cattle.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- benefits to corn production systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grazing could provide benefits to corn production systems while providing forage for cattle”
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.