Abstract
Six combinations of grazing, tillage, and herbicides were studied during 2 yr in a randomized block design to determine alfalfa (Medicago sativa) survival, corn (Zea mays) plant populations and corn growth in an alfalfa-corn rotation. Alfalfa was overseeded with rye (Secale cereale) in autumn prior to planting corn in spring of each year. Treatments were 1) non-grazed control with standard chemical treatments for no-till establishment of corn, 2) grazing alfalfa, then grazing rye until corn planting followed by dicamba application, 3) alfalfa grazing plus glyphosate prior to corn planting, 4) treatment 3 plus grazing prior to rye jointing, and 5) alfalfa grazing plus autumn application of glyphosate, 6) alfalfa grazing plus autumn disking (no herbicides). Grazing until corn planting decreased (P<0.05) alfalfa stands and rye biomass, but increased (P<0.05) corn plant populations and soil bulk density compared to shorter grazing periods. Grazing prior to rye jointing increased (P <0.05) soil bulk density and corn plant populations, and decreased (P<0.05) rye biomass compared to no spring grazing. Autumn disking decreased (P<0.05) bulk density, but generally provided less (P<0.05) control of alfalfa compared to autumn application of glyphosate. Autumn disking and glyphosate application (Trts. 5 and 6) increased (P<0.05) rye biomass compared to no autumn treatment (Trts. 3 and 4). Applying glyphosate prior to corn planting (Trts. 3 and 4) improved (P<0.05) corn populations and growth compared to autumn glyphosate or disking (Trts. 5 and 6) and was similar to conventional no-till establishment (Trt. 1). Herbicides were necessary to completely kill alfalfa, but grazing reduced TNC in alfalfa roots and alfalfa plant persistence.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing until corn planting decreased alfalfa stands compared with shorter grazing periods.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- Grazing until corn plantinge0
- Outcome
- alfalfa standse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- shorter grazing periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grazing until corn planting decreased (P<0.05) alfalfa stands and rye biomass, but increased (P<0.05) corn plant populations and soil bulk density compared to shorter grazing periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing until corn planting decreased rye biomass compared with shorter grazing periods.
- Taxon
- rye
Secale cerealee0 - Treatment
- Grazing until corn plantinge0
- Outcome
- rye biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- shorter grazing periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grazing until corn planting decreased (P<0.05) alfalfa stands and rye biomass, but increased (P<0.05) corn plant populations and soil bulk density compared to shorter grazing periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing until corn planting increased corn plant populations compared with shorter grazing periods.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Grazing until corn plantinge0
- Outcome
- corn plant populationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- shorter grazing periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grazing until corn planting decreased (P<0.05) alfalfa stands and rye biomass, but increased (P<0.05) corn plant populations and soil bulk density compared to shorter grazing periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing until corn planting increased soil bulk density compared with shorter grazing periods.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Grazing until corn plantinge0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- shorter grazing periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grazing until corn planting decreased (P<0.05) alfalfa stands and rye biomass, but increased (P<0.05) corn plant populations and soil bulk density compared to shorter grazing periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing prior to rye jointing increased soil bulk density compared with no spring grazing.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- Grazing prior to rye jointinge0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no spring grazinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grazing prior to rye jointing increased (P <0.05) soil bulk density and corn plant populations, and decreased (P<0.05) rye biomass compared to no spring grazing”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing prior to rye jointing increased corn plant populations compared with no spring grazing.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Grazing prior to rye jointinge0
- Outcome
- corn plant populationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no spring grazinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grazing prior to rye jointing increased (P <0.05) soil bulk density and corn plant populations, and decreased (P<0.05) rye biomass compared to no spring grazing”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing prior to rye jointing decreased rye biomass compared with no spring grazing.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- Grazing prior to rye jointinge0
- Outcome
- rye biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- no spring grazinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grazing prior to rye jointing increased (P <0.05) soil bulk density and corn plant populations, and decreased (P<0.05) rye biomass compared to no spring grazing”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn disking decreased soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Autumn diskinge0
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn disking decreased (P<0.05) bulk density”
t0“establishment of corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn disking generally provided less control of alfalfa than autumn application of glyphosate.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Autumn diskinge0
- Outcome
- control of alfalfae0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- autumn application of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn disking decreased (P<0.05) bulk density, but generally provided less (P<0.05) control of alfalfa compared to autumn application of glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn disking and glyphosate application increased rye biomass compared with no autumn treatment.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- Autumn disking and glyphosate applicatione0
- Outcome
- rye biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no autumn treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn disking and glyphosate application (Trts. 5 and 6) increased (P<0.05) rye biomass compared to no autumn treatment (Trts. 3 and 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying glyphosate prior to corn planting improved corn populations and growth compared with autumn glyphosate or disking.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Applying glyphosate prior to corn plantinge0
- Outcome
- corn populations and growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- autumn glyphosate or diskinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying glyphosate prior to corn planting (Trts. 3 and 4) improved (P<0.05) corn populations and growth compared to autumn glyphosate or disking (Trts. 5 and 6) and was similar to conventional no-till establishment (Trt. 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying glyphosate prior to corn planting gave corn populations and growth similar to conventional no-till establishment.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Applying glyphosate prior to corn plantinge0
- Outcome
- corn populations and growthe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- conventional no-till establishmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying glyphosate prior to corn planting (Trts. 3 and 4) improved (P<0.05) corn populations and growth compared to autumn glyphosate or disking (Trts. 5 and 6) and was similar to conventional no-till establishment (Trt. 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides were necessary to completely kill alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Herbicidese0
- Outcome
- completely kill alfalfae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicides were necessary to completely kill alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing reduced total nonstructural carbohydrate in alfalfa roots and alfalfa plant persistence.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- grazinge0
- Outcome
- TNC in alfalfa roots and alfalfa plant persistencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grazing reduced TNC in alfalfa roots and alfalfa plant persistence”
The same questions in other papers
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Zea mays subsp. mays · growth · Secale cereale (rye)Positive and negative results
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grazing · organism · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.