Abstract
There is uncertainty about the optimum soil preparation depth for vineyards and to what extent irrigation can compensate for insufficient soil depth. Pinot noir was planted under non-irrigated conditions to soil preparation depths of 200 mm, 400 mm, 600 mm, 800 mm, 1 000 mm and 1 200 mm. Field lysimeters of 400 mm, 800 mm and 1 200 mm depths were constructed to study the effect of irrigation and to facilitate accurate measurement of water consumption. Vegetative growth and physiological activities responded positively to increasing soil depth under dryland conditions as well as under irrigation. Irrigation improved vegetative growth compared to non-irrigated treatments of corresponding depths. Under dryland conditions optimum vegetative growth and physiological response were achieved during the third year with 800 mm and 1 000 mm soil depths. Loosening the soil to 1 200 mm induced excessive growth on a lengthened Perold trellising system. Irrigation stimulated vigour and consequently sufficient vegetative growth was achieved at the end of the second season for 800 mm and 1 200 mm deep soil. This situation was only attained at the end of the third season for 400 mm deep irrigated soil. At this stage irrigation stimulated excessive vigour for 800 mm and 1 200 mm deep soils. Water consumption of irrigated vines increased during the first three years after planting. During the third year, water consumption of the 800 mm irrigated treatment was comparable to the 500 mm generally regarded as the norm for full-bearing vines in the coastal region of the Western Cape. Increased vegetative growth induced by increased soil depth reflected clearly in evapotranspiration. Three-year-old vines, which grew too vigorously on 1 200 mm deep soil, consumed 614 mm of water. On the other hand, where 400 mm soil depth limited growth, water consumption amounted to only 387 mm. During the first and second seasons irrigation should be reduced to 44,6% and 65,5% respectively of the irrigation generally required by bearing grapevines.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative growth and physiological activities improved as soil depth increased under dryland and irrigated conditions.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir
Vitis viniferat0 - Treatment
- increasing soil depthe0
- Outcome
- Vegetative growth and physiological activitiese0
- Direction
- responded positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Vegetative growth and physiological activities responded positively to increasing soil depth under dryland conditions as well as under irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation improved vegetative growth relative to non-irrigated treatments at corresponding depths.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- non-irrigated treatments of corresponding depthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Irrigation improved vegetative growth compared to non-irrigated treatments of corresponding depths”
Claim · model-written summary
At 800 mm soil depth, dryland vines attained optimum vegetative growth and physiological response in the third year.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- third yeare0
- Treatment
- 800 mme0
- Outcome
- optimum vegetative growth and physiological responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Under dryland conditions optimum vegetative growth and physiological response were achieved during the third year with 800 mm and 1 000 mm soil depths”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 000 mm soil depth, dryland vines attained optimum vegetative growth and physiological response in the third year.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- third yeare0
- Treatment
- 1 000 mme0
- Outcome
- optimum vegetative growth and physiological responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Under dryland conditions optimum vegetative growth and physiological response were achieved during the third year with 800 mm and 1 000 mm soil depths”
Claim · model-written summary
Loosening soil to 1 200 mm induced excessive vine growth.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- Loosening the soil to 1 200 mme0
- Outcome
- excessive growthe0
- Direction
- excessivee0
- Setting
- lengthened Perold trellising systeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Loosening the soil to 1 200 mm induced excessive growth on a lengthened Perold trellising system”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation produced sufficient vegetative growth by the second season in 800 mm soil.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- second seasone0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- sufficient vegetative growthe0
- Value
- 800 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Irrigation stimulated vigour and consequently sufficient vegetative growth was achieved at the end of the second season for 800 mm and 1 200 mm deep soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation produced sufficient vegetative growth by the second season in 1 200 mm soil.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- second seasone0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- sufficient vegetative growthe0
- Value
- 1 200 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Irrigation stimulated vigour and consequently sufficient vegetative growth was achieved at the end of the second season for 800 mm and 1 200 mm deep soil”
Claim · model-written summary
In irrigated 400 mm soil, sufficient vegetative growth occurred only by the third season.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- third seasone0
- Outcome
- This situatione0
- Value
- 400 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“This situation was only attained at the end of the third season for 400 mm deep irrigated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At the third season, irrigation stimulated excessive vigour in 800 mm soil.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- excessive vigoure0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 800 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“At this stage irrigation stimulated excessive vigour for 800 mm and 1 200 mm deep soils”
Claim · model-written summary
At the third season, irrigation stimulated excessive vigour in 1 200 mm soil.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- excessive vigoure0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 1 200 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“At this stage irrigation stimulated excessive vigour for 800 mm and 1 200 mm deep soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Water consumption of irrigated vines rose over their first three years.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- Water consumptione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- first three years after plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Water consumption of irrigated vines increased during the first three years after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
In year three, consumption with 800 mm irrigated soil was comparable to the full-bearing vine norm.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- 800 mm irrigated treatmente0
- Outcome
- water consumptione0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Value
- 500 mme0
- Comparator
- norm for full-bearing vinese0
- Setting
- coastal region of the Western Capee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“During the third year, water consumption of the 800 mm irrigated treatment was comparable to the 500 mm generally regarded as the norm for full-bearing vines in the coastal region of the Western Cape”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater soil depth induced greater vegetative growth and evapotranspiration.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- increased soil depthe0
- Outcome
- evapotranspiratione0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Increased vegetative growth induced by increased soil depth reflected clearly in evapotranspiration”
Claim · model-written summary
Overly vigorous three-year-old vines in 1 200 mm soil consumed 614 mm of water.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- watere0
- Value
- 614 mme0
- Qualifier
- 1 200 mm deep soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“Three-year-old vines, which grew too vigorously on 1 200 mm deep soil, consumed 614 mm of water”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth-limited vines in 400 mm soil consumed only 387 mm of water.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- water consumptione0
- Value
- 387 mme0
- Qualifier
- 400 mm soil depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“where 400 mm soil depth limited growth, water consumption amounted to only 387 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend reducing first-season irrigation to 44,6% of the amount for bearing grapevines.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- irrigation should be reducede0
- Value
- 44,6%e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“During the first and second seasons irrigation should be reduced to 44,6% and 65,5% respectively of the irrigation generally required by bearing grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend reducing second-season irrigation to 65,5% of the amount for bearing grapevines.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noirVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- irrigation should be reducede0
- Value
- 65,5%e0
- Qualifier
- seconde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir”
e0“During the first and second seasons irrigation should be reduced to 44,6% and 65,5% respectively of the irrigation generally required by bearing grapevines”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · growth · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.