Abstract
SUMMARY Two field experiments were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effects of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and/or sowing N fertilization on the growth and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In addition, leaf soluble protein content (LSPC) was measured at four growth stages in both seasons. Plants were subjected to the following treatments: only fertilized with 20 kg N ha −1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha −1 at 25 days after emergence (DAE) (F); only inoculated with Rhizobium tropici strain SEMIA 4080 at sowing and fertilized with 40 kg N ha −1 at 25 DAE (I+N); and inoculated and fertilized with 20 kg N ha −1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha −1 at 25 DAE (IF). An additional treatment was done only in the second season and plants were inoculated with no N fertilization at any phase (I−N). Crop growth rate and leaf area index were enhanced by IF and F treatments as compared to I+N treatment, however, net assimilation rate did not differ among the treatments. At the pollination and flowering stages for seasons, LSPC was significantly increased by IF treatment, which also caused the highest final yield compared with the remaining treatments in both seasons. Therefore, the fertilization with 20 kg N ha −1 at sowing together with inoculation and 40 kg N ha −1 at 25 DAE is recommended for obtaining high yield in bean cultivation with high technology. As the inoculation with Rhizobium at sowing and fertilization with 40 kg N ha −1 at 25 DAE (I+N) had the same crop yield as plants fertilized at sowing and at 25 DAE (F), it can be recommended for a low-cost technology cultivation employed by small farmers.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Crop growth rate and leaf area index were enhanced by the inoculated-and-fertilized (IF) treatment compared with the I+N treatment.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- IFe0
- Outcome
- Crop growth rate and leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- I+Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop growth rate and leaf area index were enhanced by IF and F treatments as compared to I+N treatment”
t0“COMMON BEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop growth rate and leaf area index were enhanced by the fertilized-only (F) treatment compared with the I+N treatment.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Fe0
- Outcome
- Crop growth rate and leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- I+Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop growth rate and leaf area index were enhanced by IF and F treatments as compared to I+N treatment”
t0“COMMON BEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Net assimilation rate did not differ among the treatments.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net assimilation rate did not differ among the treatments”
t0“COMMON BEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf soluble protein content at the pollination and flowering stages was significantly increased by the IF treatment.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- pollination and flowering stagese0
- Treatment
- IFe0
- Outcome
- LSPCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the pollination and flowering stages for seasons, LSPC was significantly increased by IF treatment”
t0“COMMON BEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
The IF treatment caused the highest final yield compared with the remaining treatments in both seasons.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IFe1
- Outcome
- final yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- remaining treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which also caused the highest final yield compared with the remaining treatments in both seasons”
e1“At the pollination and flowering stages for seasons, LSPC was significantly increased by IF treatment”
t0“COMMON BEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Rhizobium plus 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (I+N) gave the same crop yield as plants fertilized at sowing and at 25 DAE (F).
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Rhizobium at sowing and fertilization with 40 kg N ha −1 at 25 DAE (I+N)e0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- plants fertilized at sowing and at 25 DAE (F)e0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inoculation with Rhizobium at sowing and fertilization with 40 kg N ha −1 at 25 DAE (I+N) had the same crop yield as plants fertilized at sowing and at 25 DAE (F)”
t0“COMMON BEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend fertilization with 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing together with inoculation and 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE for obtaining high yield in bean cultivation with high technology.
Verbatim
e0“the fertilization with 20 kg N ha −1 at sowing together with inoculation and 40 kg N ha −1 at 25 DAE is recommended for obtaining high yield in bean cultivation with high technology”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the I+N practice as a low-cost technology for small farmers.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- low-cost technology cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it can be recommended for a low-cost technology cultivation employed by small farmers”
t0“COMMON BEAN”
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