Abstract
Extended Abstract Herbicides are chemical compounds which used for struggle with weeds to protect the crops in fields. However, it can be harmful to crops sometimes. The aim of this study, to investigate the effects of herbicides on crops. For this purpose five different herbicides applied to wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97). Seed samples were sterilized in a %3 sodium hypochlorite solution for three minutes and washed several times with distilled water.Then seeds were sown in plastic pots which had 1000 gr soil and 40 seeds per pots.Pots were placed at 24/20 C (day/night) temperature and 16/8 light period (day/night), with a light intesity of 300 μmol/m 2 s, and %60 humidity in a controlled room. Herbicides (2,4D, Derby, Atlantis, Topic, Lintur) were sprayed with a spray gun ( 5000 L/ha volume) in a controlled room (15 0 C) two weeks after germination. Plants were harvested when beginning of tillering three weeks after herbicide application. Pigment, proline (an aminoacide that increase against stress), lipid peroxidation (LP, which degrades membrane integrity), ascorbic acid ( a non-enzymatic antioxidant) and SOD (superoxide dismutase, a antioxidative enzyme that remove reactive oxygen species) analisies were conducted respectively according to Arnon 1949 and Lichtenthaler and Wellburn, 1983; Bates et al. (1973); Hodges et al.,1998; Cakmak and Marshner, 1992. Statistical analysis of data of the application was performed using the software SPSS ® Statistics 20.0 (IBM Corporation, New York, NY, USA). Each parameter was analyzed seperately by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the changes in each application. Significant differences (p<0,05) reanalyzed by LSD (Least Significant Difference) to determine which parameter was significantly different from controls. Derby, Topic and Lintur herbicides affected the ascorbic acid content of Adana 99 cultivar negatively. But only Lintur effected ascorbic acid content significiantly according to LSD (p<0,05). It was observed significantly that Topic has negative effect on total chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA; biomarker to measure the level of LP), superoxide dismutase activity and carotenoid content, unlike Topic 2,4D had pozitive effect on carotenoid content . The herbicides exclusive Derby increased prolin content significantly of this cultivar. It was determined that Topic had been the most toxic herbicide for Adana 99 cultivar. In Ceyhan 99 cultivar; Topic and Atlantis affected positively ascorbic acid level (p<0,05). Atlantis decreased carotenoid level and in addition to this increased ascorbic acid content. Topic had riser effect on ascorbic acid and proline concentration.The herbicides had no significant effect MDA and total chlorophyll content. Derby and 2,4D had negative affect on SOD activity. In Selcuklu 97 cultivar Topic had negative effect on ascorbic acid level (p<0,05). All of the herbicides exclusive 2,4D had significant increasing effect on total chlorophyll content. Atlantis and Lintur increased carotenoid level. Derby and Atlantis increased MDA content while whole herbicides decreased SOD activity. Proline was not affected by herbicide applications significantly.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Derby, Topic and Lintur reduced ascorbic acid content of Adana 99.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Adana 99e1
- Treatment
- Derby, Topic and Linture1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid contente1
- Direction
- negativelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“Derby, Topic and Lintur herbicides affected the ascorbic acid content of Adana 99 cultivar negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Only Lintur significantly changed ascorbic acid content of Adana 99.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Adana 99e1
- Treatment
- Linture2
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid contente2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“Derby, Topic and Lintur herbicides affected the ascorbic acid content of Adana 99 cultivar negatively”
e2“But only Lintur effected ascorbic acid content significiantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Topic had a negative effect on total chlorophyll, MDA and superoxide dismutase activity.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Topice1
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA; biomarker to measure the level of LP), superoxide dismutase activitye1
- Direction
- negativee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“Topic has negative effect on total chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA; biomarker to measure the level of LP), superoxide dismutase activity and carotenoid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Topic had a negative effect on carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Topice1
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente1
- Direction
- negativee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“Topic has negative effect on total chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA; biomarker to measure the level of LP), superoxide dismutase activity and carotenoid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Topic 2,4D had a positive effect on carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2,4De1
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente1
- Direction
- pozitivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“unlike Topic 2,4D had pozitive effect on carotenoid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Derby significantly increased proline content of Adana 99.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Derbye1
- Outcome
- prolin contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“The herbicides exclusive Derby increased prolin content significantly of this cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Topic was the most toxic herbicide for Adana 99.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Adana 99e1
- Treatment
- Topice1
- Outcome
- most toxic herbicidee1
- Direction
- most toxice1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“It was determined that Topic had been the most toxic herbicide for Adana 99 cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Topic and Atlantis affected ascorbic acid level of Ceyhan 99 positively.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Ceyhan 99e1
- Treatment
- Topic and Atlantise1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid levele1
- Direction
- affected positivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“In Ceyhan 99 cultivar; Topic and Atlantis affected positively ascorbic acid level”
Claim · model-written summary
Atlantis decreased carotenoid level of Ceyhan 99.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Ceyhan 99e1
- Treatment
- Atlantise2
- Outcome
- carotenoid levele2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“In Ceyhan 99 cultivar; Topic and Atlantis affected positively ascorbic acid level”
e2“Atlantis decreased carotenoid level”
Claim · model-written summary
Topic had a riser effect on ascorbic acid and proline concentration.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Topice1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid and proline concentratione1
- Direction
- risere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“Topic had riser effect on ascorbic acid and proline concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides had no significant effect on MDA and total chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- MDA and total chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- no significant effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“The herbicides had no significant effect MDA and total chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Derby and 2,4D had a negative effect on SOD activity of Ceyhan 99.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Ceyhan 99e1
- Treatment
- Derby and 2,4De2
- Outcome
- SOD activitye2
- Direction
- negative affecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“In Ceyhan 99 cultivar; Topic and Atlantis affected positively ascorbic acid level”
e2“Derby and 2,4D had negative affect on SOD activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Topic had a negative effect on ascorbic acid level of Selcuklu 97.
- Taxon
- Triticum drume0
- Material
- Selcuklu 97e1
- Treatment
- Topice1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid levele1
- Direction
- negative effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“In Selcuklu 97 cultivar Topic had negative effect on ascorbic acid level”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides except 2,4D significantly increased total chlorophyll content of Selcuklu 97.
- Taxon
- Triticum drume0
- Material
- Selcuklu 97e1
- Treatment
- herbicides exclusive 2,4De2
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“In Selcuklu 97 cultivar Topic had negative effect on ascorbic acid level”
e2“All of the herbicides exclusive 2,4D had significant increasing effect on total chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Atlantis and Lintur increased carotenoid level of Selcuklu 97.
- Taxon
- Triticum drume0
- Material
- Selcuklu 97e1
- Treatment
- Atlantis and Linture2
- Outcome
- carotenoid levele2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“In Selcuklu 97 cultivar Topic had negative effect on ascorbic acid level”
e2“Atlantis and Lintur increased carotenoid level”
Claim · model-written summary
Derby and Atlantis increased MDA content of Selcuklu 97.
- Taxon
- Triticum drume0
- Material
- Selcuklu 97e1
- Treatment
- Derby and Atlantise2
- Outcome
- MDA contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“In Selcuklu 97 cultivar Topic had negative effect on ascorbic acid level”
e2“Derby and Atlantis increased MDA content while whole herbicides decreased SOD activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole herbicides decreased SOD activity of Selcuklu 97.
- Taxon
- Triticum drume0
- Material
- Selcuklu 97e1
- Treatment
- whole herbicidese2
- Outcome
- SOD activitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“In Selcuklu 97 cultivar Topic had negative effect on ascorbic acid level”
e2“Derby and Atlantis increased MDA content while whole herbicides decreased SOD activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide applications did not significantly affect proline in the wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicationse1
- Outcome
- Prolinee1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum cvs Adana 99 and Ceyhan 99; Triticum drum cv Selcuklu 97”
e1“Proline was not affected by herbicide applications significantly”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →herbicide · physiology: osmolytes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.