Abstract
Abstract Since the inception of 2,4‐ D [(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid], many herbicides have been developed for broadleaf weed control in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). However, many of these herbicides have not been thoroughly evaluated with respect to application timing and effects on wheat yield and quality. Field studies were conducted at Torrington, WY on a Bayard fine sandy loam (coarse loamy, mixed, mesic Torriothentic Haplustoll) in 1984 and 1985 to evaluate the response of ‘Oslo’ spring wheat to 10 broadleaf herbicide treatments applied at three growth stages. Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot). Several other auxin herbicides increased seed protein content, particularly when applied at Zadoks Stage 44. Proline and lysine content were not influenced by herbicide treatment at any stage of application. Spring wheat tolerance to bromoxynil (3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile), chlorsulfuron (2‐chloro‐Ar‐[[4‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐l,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)amino]carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} and MCPA was excellent regardless of growth stage at application.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-boot dicamba reduced wheat yield by 28%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot)e0
- Treatment
- Dicambae0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 28e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-boot dicamba plus 2,4-D reduced wheat yield by 21%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- dicamba plus 2,4‐ De0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-boot dicamba plus MCPA reduced wheat yield by 24%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- dicamba plus MCPAe0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-boot dicamba reduced kernels per spike by 27%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Dicambae0
- Outcome
- kernels per spikee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-boot dicamba plus 2,4-D reduced kernels per spike by 33%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- dicamba plus 2,4‐ De0
- Outcome
- kernels per spikee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-boot dicamba plus MCPA reduced kernels per spike by 21%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- dicamba plus MCPAe0
- Outcome
- kernels per spikee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-boot dicamba increased wheat seed protein by 8%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-boot dicamba plus 2,4-D increased wheat seed protein by 10%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- dicamba plus 2,4‐ De0
- Outcome
- seed proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-boot dicamba plus MCPA increased wheat seed protein by 13%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- dicamba plus MCPAe0
- Outcome
- seed proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4‐ D and dicamba plus MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] reduced wheat yield 28, 21 and 24%, reduced kernels per spike 27, 33 and 21%, and increased seed protein 8, 10 and 13%, respectively, when applied at Zadoks Stage 44 (mid‐boot).”
Claim · model-written summary
Several other auxin herbicides increased wheat seed protein, especially at mid-boot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Zadoks Stage 44e0
- Treatment
- auxin herbicidese0
- Outcome
- seed protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several other auxin herbicides increased seed protein content, particularly when applied at Zadoks Stage 44.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides did not influence wheat seed proline or lysine at any application stage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- Proline and lysine contente0
- Direction
- not influencede0
- Qualifier
- any stage of applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline and lysine content were not influenced by herbicide treatment at any stage of application.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat tolerated bromoxynil across application stages.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- tolerance to bromoxynile0
- Qualifier
- regardless of growth stage at applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat tolerance to bromoxynil (3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile), chlorsulfuron (2‐chloro‐Ar‐[[4‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐l,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)amino]carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} and MCPA was excellent regardless of growth stage at application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat tolerated chlorsulfuron across application stages.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- chlorsulfurone0
- Outcome
- tolerance to bromoxynile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat tolerance to bromoxynil (3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile), chlorsulfuron (2‐chloro‐Ar‐[[4‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐l,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)amino]carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} and MCPA was excellent regardless of growth stage at application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat tolerated MCPA across application stages.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- MCPAe0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat tolerance to bromoxynil (3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile), chlorsulfuron (2‐chloro‐Ar‐[[4‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐l,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)amino]carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} and MCPA was excellent regardless of growth stage at application.”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 78 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →dicamba · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →herbicide · physiology: osmolytes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.