Abstract
Core Ideas Selecting the proper planting date is crucial in managing early leaf and tiller development while managing temperature. There is an ideal planting date each year that will vary based on weather conditions. Starter fertilizer may be necessary in cold, wet years to stimulate tiller growth. Early growth and fall tiller production are key to high yields. An understanding of early leaf and tiller growth in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and its impact on yield is an important concept for managing winter wheat. Field trials consisting of two planting dates (November and December) and three starter fertilizer treatments (urea ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, Nachurs 9–18–9 liquid fertilizer) were conducted at four locations in North Carolina over a 2‐year period. The earlier planting dates resulted in the highest yield in 2013 to 2014, while the later planting date resulted in the highest yield in 2012 to 2013. Higher yield at the later planting dates in 2012 to 2013 was due to extremely cold weather and less than ideal growing conditions in November that increased the initial phyllochron interval (PI) of the early‐planted wheat. In contrast, ideal growing conditions in December coupled with warm winter weather resulted in a shorter average PI for wheat planted in December than for wheat planted in November. Despite a similar pattern with shorter initial PI at the later plantings in 2013 to 2014, the winter was not as warm and growing degree‐days (GDD) were not accumulated as rapidly as in the previous year, which limited the time that the later planting date had to develop leaves. A response to starter fertilizer was observed at one location in 2013 to 2014, resulting in a shorter PI and higher tiller counts with urea ammonium nitrate and 9–18–9 compared with the control. This resulted in an increased yield, and was largely due to abundant rainfall. This study indicates that planting date and starter fertilizer can influence the length of the initial PI and, depending on subsequent weather, can influence wheat yield.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
earlier planting dates gave the highest wheat yield in 2013 to 2014.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- earlier planting datese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 2013 to 2014e0
- Comparator
- later planting datee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The earlier planting dates resulted in the highest yield in 2013 to 2014, while the later planting date resulted in the highest yield in 2012 to 2013.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
later planting date gave the highest wheat yield in 2012 to 2013.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- later planting datee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 2012 to 2013e0
- Comparator
- earlier planting datese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The earlier planting dates resulted in the highest yield in 2013 to 2014, while the later planting date resulted in the highest yield in 2012 to 2013.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold November conditions increased initial PI in early planted wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- initial phyllochron interval (PI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- extremely cold weather and less than ideal growing conditionse0
- Setting
- Novembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extremely cold weather and less than ideal growing conditions in November that increased the initial phyllochron interval (PI) of the early‐planted wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
December planted wheat had a shorter average PI than November planted wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- planted in Decembere0
- Outcome
- average PIe0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Comparator
- planted in Novembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ideal growing conditions in December coupled with warm winter weather resulted in a shorter average PI for wheat planted in December than for wheat planted in November.”
Claim · model-written summary
Later planting also had shorter initial PI in 2013 to 2014.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- later plantingse0
- Outcome
- initial PIe0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Qualifier
- 2013 to 2014e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite a similar pattern with shorter initial PI at the later plantings in 2013 to 2014”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fewer accumulated growing degree days limited leaf development time for late planting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- time that the later planting date had to develop leavese0
- Direction
- limitede0
- Qualifier
- growing degree‐days (GDD) were not accumulated as rapidlye0
- Setting
- wintere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the winter was not as warm and growing degree‐days (GDD) were not accumulated as rapidly as in the previous year, which limited the time that the later planting date had to develop leaves.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
urea ammonium nitrate gave shorter PI than control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- urea ammonium nitratee0
- Outcome
- PIe0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Qualifier
- one location in 2013 to 2014e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A response to starter fertilizer was observed at one location in 2013 to 2014, resulting in a shorter PI and higher tiller counts with urea ammonium nitrate and 9–18–9 compared with the control.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
9–18–9 gave shorter PI than control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 9–18–9e0
- Outcome
- PIe0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Qualifier
- one location in 2013 to 2014e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A response to starter fertilizer was observed at one location in 2013 to 2014, resulting in a shorter PI and higher tiller counts with urea ammonium nitrate and 9–18–9 compared with the control.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
urea ammonium nitrate gave higher tiller counts than control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- urea ammonium nitratee0
- Outcome
- tiller countse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- one location in 2013 to 2014e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A response to starter fertilizer was observed at one location in 2013 to 2014, resulting in a shorter PI and higher tiller counts with urea ammonium nitrate and 9–18–9 compared with the control.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
9–18–9 gave higher tiller counts than control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 9–18–9e0
- Outcome
- tiller countse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- one location in 2013 to 2014e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A response to starter fertilizer was observed at one location in 2013 to 2014, resulting in a shorter PI and higher tiller counts with urea ammonium nitrate and 9–18–9 compared with the control.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer response increased yield, largely due to abundant rainfall.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- starter fertilizere1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- abundant rainfalle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This resulted in an increased yield, and was largely due to abundant rainfall.”
e1“A response to starter fertilizer was observed at one location in 2013 to 2014”
e2“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
urea ammonium nitrate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →sowing time · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
265 papers in the same direction as this paper · 191 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
458 papers more in this group
See all 462 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.