Abstract
In order to assess changes of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in rice grain as affected by polyester resin coated urea (PCU) under conventional flooding cultivation (CFC) and plastic film mulching cultivation (PFMC), using prilled urea (PU) as a contrast, a three year field experiment was conducted in Central Zhejiang Province, E China, from 2008 to 2010. The mean annual Fe concentration under PFMC in brown rice was increased by 9.3%, 9.0% and 16.2%; Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Compared PCU to PU, Fe concentration in brown rice was improved by 7.3%, 10.1% and 17.9%; Zn concentration in brown rice was improved by 14.8%, 11.3% and 8.1%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Non-flooded PFMC decreased soil organic matter, soil nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) compared to CFC, which suggested that long term PFMC will make soil quality maintenance difficult.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Under PFMC, mean annual brown-rice Fe concentration increased by 9.3% in 2008.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- PFMCe1
- Outcome
- Fe concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9.3%e1
- Qualifier
- 2008e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The mean annual Fe concentration under PFMC in brown rice was increased by 9.3%, 9.0% and 16.2%”
e2“Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under PFMC, mean annual brown-rice Fe concentration increased by 9.0% in 2009.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PFMCe1
- Outcome
- Fe concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9.0%e1
- Qualifier
- 2009e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The mean annual Fe concentration under PFMC in brown rice was increased by 9.3%, 9.0% and 16.2%”
e2“Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under PFMC, mean annual brown-rice Fe concentration increased by 16.2% in 2010.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PFMCe1
- Outcome
- Fe concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 16.2%e1
- Qualifier
- 2010e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The mean annual Fe concentration under PFMC in brown rice was increased by 9.3%, 9.0% and 16.2%”
e2“Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under PFMC, brown-rice Zn concentration improved by 21.8% in 2008.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
e2“The mean annual Fe concentration under PFMC in brown rice was increased by 9.3%, 9.0% and 16.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under PFMC, brown-rice Zn concentration improved by 16.9% in 2009.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
e2“The mean annual Fe concentration under PFMC in brown rice was increased by 9.3%, 9.0% and 16.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under PFMC, brown-rice Zn concentration improved by 12.9% in 2010.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
e2“The mean annual Fe concentration under PFMC in brown rice was increased by 9.3%, 9.0% and 16.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with prilled urea, PCU improved brown-rice Fe concentration by 7.3% in 2008.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PCUe1
- Outcome
- Fe concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 7.3%e1
- Qualifier
- 2008e2
- Comparator
- PUe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared PCU to PU, Fe concentration in brown rice was improved by 7.3%, 10.1% and 17.9%”
e2“Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with prilled urea, PCU improved brown-rice Fe concentration by 10.1% in 2009.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PCUe1
- Outcome
- Fe concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 10.1%e1
- Qualifier
- 2009e2
- Comparator
- PUe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared PCU to PU, Fe concentration in brown rice was improved by 7.3%, 10.1% and 17.9%”
e2“Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with prilled urea, PCU improved brown-rice Fe concentration by 17.9% in 2010.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PCUe1
- Outcome
- Fe concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 17.9%e1
- Qualifier
- 2010e2
- Comparator
- PUe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared PCU to PU, Fe concentration in brown rice was improved by 7.3%, 10.1% and 17.9%”
e2“Zn was improved by 21.8%, 16.9% and 12.9%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with prilled urea, PCU improved brown-rice Zn concentration by 14.8% in 2008.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PCUe2
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 14.8%e1
- Qualifier
- 2008e1
- Comparator
- PUe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zn concentration in brown rice was improved by 14.8%, 11.3% and 8.1%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
e2“Compared PCU to PU, Fe concentration in brown rice was improved by 7.3%, 10.1% and 17.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with prilled urea, PCU improved brown-rice Zn concentration by 11.3% in 2009.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PCUe2
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 11.3%e1
- Qualifier
- 2009e1
- Comparator
- PUe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zn concentration in brown rice was improved by 14.8%, 11.3% and 8.1%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
e2“Compared PCU to PU, Fe concentration in brown rice was improved by 7.3%, 10.1% and 17.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with prilled urea, PCU improved brown-rice Zn concentration by 8.1% in 2010.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- PCUe2
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 8.1%e1
- Qualifier
- 2010e1
- Comparator
- PUe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Zn concentration in brown rice was improved by 14.8%, 11.3% and 8.1%, during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively”
e2“Compared PCU to PU, Fe concentration in brown rice was improved by 7.3%, 10.1% and 17.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-flooded PFMC decreased soil organic matter, soil nitrogen and soil potassium compared with conventional flooding cultivation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Non-flooded PFMCe1
- Outcome
- soil organic matter, soil nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- CFCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Non-flooded PFMC decreased soil organic matter, soil nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) compared to CFC”
e2“changes of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in rice grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term PFMC is suggested to make soil quality maintenance difficult.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- long term PFMCe1
- Outcome
- soil quality maintenancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“long term PFMC will make soil quality maintenance difficult”
e2“changes of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in rice grain”
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See all 464 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.