Abstract
The ammonium ion is an indispensable nitrogen source for crops, especially paddy rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Nipponbare). Until now, it has been impossible to measure ammonium uptake and nitrogen movement in plants in real time. Using the new technologies of PETIS (positron emitting tracer imaging system) and PMPS (positron multi-probe system), we were able to visualize the real time translocation of nitrogen and water in rice plants. We used positron-emitting 13N-labeled ammonium (13NH4+) and 15O-water to monitor the movement. In plants cultured under normal conditions, 13NH4+ supplied to roots was taken up, and a 13N signal was detected at the discrimination center, the basal part of the shoots, within 2 minutes. This rapid translocation of (13)N was almost completely inhibited by a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine. In general, nitrogen deficiency enhanced 13N translocation to the discrimination center. In the dark, 13N translocation to the discrimination center was suppressed to 40% of control levels, whereas 15O-water flow from the root to the discrimination center stopped completely in the dark. In abscisic acid-treated rice, 13N translocation to the discrimination center was doubled, whereas translocation to leaves decreased to 40% of control levels. Pretreatment with NO3- for 36 hours increased 13N translocation from the roots to the discrimination center to 5 times of control levels. These results suggest that ammonium assimilation (from the roots to the discrimination center) depends passively on water flow, but actively on NH4+-transporter(s) or glutamine synthetase(s).
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PETIS and PMPS visualized nitrogen and water translocation in rice plants in real time.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- real time translocation of nitrogen and watere0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the new technologies of PETIS (positron emitting tracer imaging system) and PMPS (positron multi-probe system), we were able to visualize the real time translocation of nitrogen and water in rice plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-supplied ammonium reached the discrimination center within 2 minutes under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- 13N signal was detected at the discrimination centere0
- Value
- 2 minutese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“In plants cultured under normal conditions, 13NH4+ supplied to roots was taken up, and a 13N signal was detected at the discrimination center, the basal part of the shoots, within 2 minutes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Methionine sulfoximine almost completely inhibited 13N translocation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- methionine sulfoximinee0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- translocation of (13)Ne0
- Direction
- almost completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“This rapid translocation of (13)N was almost completely inhibited by a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency enhanced 13N translocation to the discrimination center.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen deficiencye0
- Outcome
- 13N translocation to the discrimination centere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“nitrogen deficiency enhanced 13N translocation to the discrimination center”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness suppressed 13N translocation to the discrimination center to 40% of control levels.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- In the darke0
- Outcome
- 13N translocation to the discrimination centere0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“In the dark, 13N translocation to the discrimination center was suppressed to 40% of control levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness completely stopped water flow from roots to the discrimination center.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- in the darke0
- Outcome
- 15O-water flow from the root to the discrimination centere0
- Direction
- stopped completelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“15O-water flow from the root to the discrimination center stopped completely in the dark”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid doubled 13N translocation to the discrimination center.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- abscisic acid-treatede0
- Outcome
- 13N translocation to the discrimination centere0
- Direction
- doublede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“In abscisic acid-treated rice, 13N translocation to the discrimination center was doubled”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid decreased 13N translocation to leaves to 40% of control levels.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- abscisic acid-treatede0
- Outcome
- translocation to leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“In abscisic acid-treated rice, 13N translocation to the discrimination center was doubled, whereas translocation to leaves decreased to 40% of control levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate pretreatment increased root-to-discrimination-center 13N translocation to five times control levels.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with NO3- for 36 hourse0
- Outcome
- 13N translocation from the roots to the discrimination centere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5 timese0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Pretreatment with NO3- for 36 hours increased 13N translocation from the roots to the discrimination center to 5 times of control levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer ammonium assimilation depends passively on water flow and actively on ammonium transporters or glutamine synthetases.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- ammonium assimilatione0
- Qualifier
- depends passively on water flow, but actively on NH4+-transporter(s) or glutamine synthetase(s)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“ammonium assimilation (from the roots to the discrimination center) depends passively on water flow, but actively on NH4+-transporter(s) or glutamine synthetase(s)”
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