Abstract
Organic input (OI) and low external input (LEI) cropping systems with extended crop rotations have potential to maintain crop yields while enhancing net return and soil quality. From 1992 to 2007, contrasting cropping systems were evaluated in a 2‐year soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]‐corn ( Zea mays L.) rotation and a 4‐year oat ( Avena sativa L.)/alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)‐alfalfa‐corn‐soybean rotation in southwestern Minnesota. When compared to the high external input (HEI) 2‐year rotation, corn grain yield was not reduced with LEI and OI 4‐year rotations, and soybean yield was not reduced with the LEI 4‐year rotation over all 16 years or with the LEI 2‐year rotation in the last 4 years. Across years and crops, net return was 88% greater with the OI 4‐year rotation than the HEI 2‐year rotation, but was 19 and 15% lower with the LEI 2‐ and 4‐year rotation, respectively. Particulate organic matter and potentially mineralizable C in 2001 were higher with the OI system than the other systems in both rotations. These results demonstrate that with diversified rotations, organic systems can produce high and profitable crop yields while enhancing soil quality, and that corn and soybean yields can be maintained in LEI systems. However, OI and LEI systems are constrained by greater management and labor requirements and pest management challenges than HEI systems.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Corn grain yield was not reduced in LEI four-year rotation compared with HEI two-year rotation.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- LEIe0
- Outcome
- corn grain yielde0
- Direction
- not reducede0
- Comparator
- high external input (HEI) 2‐year rotatione0
- Setting
- southwestern Minnesotae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to the high external input (HEI) 2‐year rotation, corn grain yield was not reduced with LEI and OI 4‐year rotations”
e1“southwestern Minnesota”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn grain yield was not reduced in OI four-year rotation compared with HEI two-year rotation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- OI 4‐year rotationse0
- Outcome
- corn grain yielde0
- Direction
- not reducede0
- Comparator
- high external input (HEI) 2‐year rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to the high external input (HEI) 2‐year rotation, corn grain yield was not reduced with LEI and OI 4‐year rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was not reduced in LEI four-year rotation over 16 years.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- LEI 4‐year rotatione0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- not reducede0
- Qualifier
- over all 16 yearse0
- Comparator
- high external input (HEI) 2‐year rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean yield was not reduced with the LEI 4‐year rotation over all 16 years”
e1“high external input (HEI) 2‐year rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was not reduced in LEI two-year rotation in the last four years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- LEI 2‐year rotatione0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde2
- Direction
- not reducede2
- Qualifier
- in the last 4 yearse0
- Comparator
- high external input (HEI) 2‐year rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the LEI 2‐year rotation in the last 4 years”
e1“high external input (HEI) 2‐year rotation”
e2“soybean yield was not reduced with the LEI 4‐year rotation over all 16 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Net return was 88% greater in OI four-year than HEI two-year rotation.
- Treatment
- OI 4‐year rotatione0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 88%e0
- Comparator
- HEI 2‐year rotatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“net return was 88% greater with the OI 4‐year rotation than the HEI 2‐year rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Net return was 19% lower in LEI two-year than HEI two-year rotation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“net return was 88% greater with the OI 4‐year rotation than the HEI 2‐year rotation, but was 19 and 15% lower with the LEI 2‐ and 4‐year rotation, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Net return was 15% lower in LEI four-year than HEI two-year rotation.
- Treatment
- 4‐year rotatione0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Comparator
- HEI 2‐year rotatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“net return was 88% greater with the OI 4‐year rotation than the HEI 2‐year rotation, but was 19 and 15% lower with the LEI 2‐ and 4‐year rotation, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Particulate organic matter was higher in OI than other systems in both rotations.
- Treatment
- OI systeme0
- Outcome
- Particulate organic mattere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- in 2001e0
- Comparator
- other systemse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Particulate organic matter and potentially mineralizable C in 2001 were higher with the OI system than the other systems in both rotations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potentially mineralizable C was higher in OI than other systems in both rotations.
- Treatment
- OI systeme0
- Outcome
- potentially mineralizable Ce0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- in 2001e0
- Comparator
- other systemse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Particulate organic matter and potentially mineralizable C in 2001 were higher with the OI system than the other systems in both rotations.”
Claim · model-written summary
OI and LEI systems required more management and labor than HEI systems.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“OI and LEI systems are constrained by greater management and labor requirements and pest management challenges than HEI systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
OI and LEI systems faced more pest management challenges than HEI systems.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“OI and LEI systems are constrained by greater management and labor requirements and pest management challenges than HEI systems.”
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See all 373 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.