Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at the Joniklis Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry during 2009-2012. The study was aimed to explore the effects of the ecological fertilizer Ekoplant and the bio-activators Biokal 01 and Terra Sorb Foliar on the formation of the productivity elements, grain yield and quality of spelt (Triticum spelta L.) cv. 'Franckenkorn' and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. 'Toras' in an organic cropping system on an clay loam Endocalcari-Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-wcan). The weather conditions, especially those during crop wintering, differed between years and this affected the grain yield of both winter wheat species and resulted in different fertilizer efficacy. In 2010 and 2012, the winter wheat crops overwintered well and the yield of common wheat was by 27.6% and 30.1%, respectively higher than that of spelt. In 2011, due to the contrasting winter conditions with a spell of unusually high temperatures in January followed by a sharp drop of temperature to -25C the crop of common wheat thinned out more than spelt, which resulted in a significantly lower common wheat grain yield. In 2010 and 2011, the application of ecological fertilizer Ekoplant as well as in combination with Biokal 01 and Terra Sorb Foliar led to an increase in the values of biometric indicators, i.e. stem mass, ear length and mass, grain number per ear significantly increased having used Ekoplant fertilizer in combination with Terra Sorb Foliar. However, in 2012, Biokal 01 exerted the most marked positive effect on the biometric indicators of wheat. The highest yield increase for both wheat species was observed when Ekoplant fertilizer had been used in combination with the bio-activator Biokal 01. The Ekoplant fertilizer as well as in combination with the bio-activator Biokal 01 did not have any significant effect on grain quality indicators, while the bio-activator Biokal 01 increased the protein and gluten content by 2.2% and 3.4%, respectively.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Winter weather affected grain yield and fertilizer efficacy.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- weather conditionse0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weather conditions, especially those during crop wintering, differed between years and this affected the grain yield of both winter wheat species and resulted in different fertilizer efficacy.”
Claim · model-written summary
Common wheat yield exceeded spelt by 27.6% in 2010.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 2010e0
- Comparator
- spelte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2010 and 2012, the winter wheat crops overwintered well and the yield of common wheat was by 27.6% and 30.1%, respectively higher than that of spelt.”
Claim · model-written summary
Common wheat yield exceeded spelt by 30.1% in 2012.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30.1%e0
- Qualifier
- 2012e0
- Comparator
- spelte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2010 and 2012, the winter wheat crops overwintered well and the yield of common wheat was by 27.6% and 30.1%, respectively higher than that of spelt.”
Claim · model-written summary
Common wheat thinned more than spelt in 2011.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- crop of common wheate0
- Direction
- thinned out moree0
- Qualifier
- 2011e0
- Comparator
- spelte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2011, due to the contrasting winter conditions with a spell of unusually high temperatures in January followed by a sharp drop of temperature to -25C the crop of common wheat thinned out more than spelt, which resulted in a significantly lower common wheat grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Common wheat yield was significantly lower than spelt in 2011.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- common wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- spelte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crop of common wheat thinned out more than spelt, which resulted in a significantly lower common wheat grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ekoplant with Terra Sorb Foliar increased stem mass, ear length and mass and grains per ear.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ekoplant fertilizer in combination with Terra Sorb Foliare0
- Outcome
- stem mass, ear length and mass, grain number per eare0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem mass, ear length and mass, grain number per ear significantly increased having used Ekoplant fertilizer in combination with Terra Sorb Foliar.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biokal 01 had the strongest positive effect on wheat biometric indicators in 2012.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Biokal 01e0
- Outcome
- biometric indicatorse0
- Direction
- most marked positive effecte0
- Qualifier
- 2012e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in 2012, Biokal 01 exerted the most marked positive effect on the biometric indicators of wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ekoplant with Biokal 01 produced the highest yield increase in both wheat species.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ekoplant fertilizer had been used in combination with the bio-activator Biokal 01e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highest yield increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield increase for both wheat species was observed when Ekoplant fertilizer had been used in combination with the bio-activator Biokal 01.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ekoplant did not significantly affect grain quality indicators.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ekoplant fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain quality indicatorse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ekoplant fertilizer as well as in combination with the bio-activator Biokal 01 did not have any significant effect on grain quality indicators”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ekoplant with Biokal 01 did not significantly affect grain quality indicators.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ekoplant fertilizer as well as in combination with the bio-activator Biokal 01e0
- Outcome
- grain quality indicatorse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ekoplant fertilizer as well as in combination with the bio-activator Biokal 01 did not have any significant effect on grain quality indicators”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biokal 01 increased protein content by 2.2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bio-activator Biokal 01 increased the protein and gluten content by 2.2% and 3.4%, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biokal 01 increased gluten content by 3.4%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Biokal 01e0
- Outcome
- gluten contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bio-activator Biokal 01 increased the protein and gluten content by 2.2% and 3.4%, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
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