Abstract
Isozyme analysis was carried out to determine whether Peroxidase (PO) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were induced in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaves by application of antagonistic Streptomyces sp. strains through seed and soil. PO isozyme analysis of protein extracts from control groundnut plants exhibited two isozymes (PO-1 and PO-2). Seed treatment or seed treatment plus soil application with Streptomyces sp. strain PDK strongly induced the activity of PO-2. In addition, two new PO isozymes (PO-3 and PO-4) were also appeared in the Streptomyces sp. strain PDK treated plants. No significant change in the PO isozyme profile of groundnut was observed in plants treated with other Streptomyces sp. strains viz., CBE and MDU through seed. However increase in the activity of PO-2 was observed in plants treated with MDU through seed plus soil. PPO isozyme analysis of protein extracts from control groundnut plants exhibited two isozymes (PPO-1 and PPO-2). An increase in the activities of both PPO-1 and PPO- 2 compared to control was observed in plants treated with all three strains of Streptomyces sp. through seed or seed plus soil. The increased activities of both PO and PPO in groundnut plants upon treatment with Streptomyces sp. might have contributed to resistance of groundnut against stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants had two PO isozymes.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Outcome
- two isozymes (PO-1 and PO-2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control groundnut plants exhibited two isozymes (PO-1 and PO-2)”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PDK seed treatment increased PO-2 activity.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Seed treatmente0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp. strain PDK
Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- activity of PO-2e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment or seed treatment plus soil application with Streptomyces sp. strain PDK strongly induced the activity of PO-2.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PDK seed plus soil treatment increased PO-2 activity.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- seed treatment plus soil applicatione0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp. strain PDKStreptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activity of PO-2e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment or seed treatment plus soil application with Streptomyces sp. strain PDK strongly induced the activity of PO-2.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PDK treatment produced PO-3 and PO-4 isozymes.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp. strain PDKStreptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- two new PO isozymes (PO-3 and PO-4)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two new PO isozymes (PO-3 and PO-4) were also appeared in the Streptomyces sp. strain PDK treated plants.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CBE seed treatment did not significantly change PO profiles.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- CBEe0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- PO isozyme profilee0
- Direction
- No significant changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant change in the PO isozyme profile of groundnut was observed in plants treated with other Streptomyces sp. strains viz., CBE and MDU through seed.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
MDU seed treatment did not significantly change PO profiles.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- MDUe0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- PO isozyme profilee0
- Direction
- No significant changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant change in the PO isozyme profile of groundnut was observed in plants treated with other Streptomyces sp. strains viz., CBE and MDU through seed.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
MDU seed plus soil treatment increased PO-2 activity.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- MDU through seed plus soile0
- Outcome
- activity of PO-2e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in the activity of PO-2 was observed in plants treated with MDU through seed plus soil.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants had two PPO isozymes.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- two isozymes (PPO-1 and PPO-2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control groundnut plants exhibited two isozymes (PPO-1 and PPO-2)”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomyces seed treatment increased both PPO isozyme activities.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- through seede0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activities of both PPO-1 and PPO- 2e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in the activities of both PPO-1 and PPO- 2 compared to control was observed in plants treated with all three strains of Streptomyces sp. through seed or seed plus soil.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomyces seed plus soil treatment increased both PPO isozyme activities.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- seed plus soile0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activities of both PPO-1 and PPO- 2e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in the activities of both PPO-1 and PPO- 2 compared to control was observed in plants treated with all three strains of Streptomyces sp. through seed or seed plus soil.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased PO and PPO activity might contribute to stem rot resistance.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen - Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- resistance of groundnut against stem rote0
- Qualifier
- increased activities of both PO and PPOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased activities of both PO and PPO in groundnut plants upon treatment with Streptomyces sp. might have contributed to resistance of groundnut against stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”