Abstract
The source size and sink strength were modified by continual defoliation and fruit removal in `Sunset' papaya. Flower and fruit set, mature fruit mass, and TSS was recorded weekly. Fruit at four different stages of development were harvested at the end of the experiment. Fruit mass, respiration, sugar content, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), and invertase enzyme activities were compared. Continual defoliation resulted in lower new fruit set (25% of control), smaller fruit size (77% of control), and lower TSS (85% of control) in the 24-week experimental period. In contrast, there were 52% and 100% more new fruit when fruit were removed than in the control within the first 8 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively. Larger fruit size, earlier fruit development, lower respiration, and higher sugar contents were observed when fruit were removed at 140, 154, and 175 days from anthesis. No significant difference was found in TSS level in the mature fruit compared to the control. Fruit removal plus defoliation gave the same number and mass of new fruit as the control and slightly lower TSS in mature fruit than in the control. Fruit sugar was higher with increased fruit invertase activity and fruit age. Data confirmed that source–sink balance was critical for fruit set, development, and sugar accumulation in papaya.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Continual defoliation reduced new papaya fruit set to 25% of control.
- Taxon
- papaya
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=60)
Carica papayat0 - Treatment
- Continual defoliatione0
- Outcome
- new fruit sete0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 25% of controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Continual defoliation resulted in lower new fruit set (25% of control)”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Continual defoliation reduced papaya fruit size to 77% of control.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- Continual defoliatione1
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Value
- 77% of controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“smaller fruit size (77% of control)”
e1“Continual defoliation resulted in lower new fruit set”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Continual defoliation reduced papaya TSS to 85% of control.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- Continual defoliatione1
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 85% of controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower TSS (85% of control)”
e1“Continual defoliation resulted in lower new fruit set”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit removal produced 52% more new papaya fruit than control in the first 8 weeks.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- fruit were removede0
- Outcome
- new fruite0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Qualifier
- first 8 weekse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were 52% and 100% more new fruit when fruit were removed than in the control within the first 8 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit removal produced 100% more new papaya fruit than control by 24 weeks.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- fruit were removede0
- Outcome
- new fruite0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 24 weekse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were 52% and 100% more new fruit when fruit were removed than in the control within the first 8 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit removal yielded larger papaya fruit and earlier fruit development at the reported days after anthesis.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- fruit were removede0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- Largere0
- Qualifier
- 140, 154, and 175 days from anthesise0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larger fruit size, earlier fruit development, lower respiration, and higher sugar contents were observed when fruit were removed at 140, 154, and 175 days from anthesis”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit removal accelerated papaya fruit development.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- fruit were removede0
- Outcome
- fruit developmente0
- Direction
- earliere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“earlier fruit development, lower respiration, and higher sugar contents were observed when fruit were removed at 140, 154, and 175 days from anthesis”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit removal lowered papaya fruit respiration.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- fruit were removede0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower respiration, and higher sugar contents were observed when fruit were removed at 140, 154, and 175 days from anthesis”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit removal increased papaya fruit sugar contents.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- fruit were removede0
- Outcome
- sugar contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher sugar contents were observed when fruit were removed at 140, 154, and 175 days from anthesis”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature papaya fruit TSS after fruit removal did not differ significantly from control.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- fruit were removede1
- Outcome
- TSS levele0
- Direction
- No significant differencee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference was found in TSS level in the mature fruit compared to the control”
e1“when fruit were removed at 140, 154, and 175 days from anthesis”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fruit removal and defoliation gave the same number of new papaya fruit as control.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- Fruit removal plus defoliatione0
- Outcome
- numbere0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit removal plus defoliation gave the same number and mass of new fruit as the control”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fruit removal and defoliation gave the same mass of new papaya fruit as control.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- Fruit removal plus defoliatione0
- Outcome
- mass of new fruite0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit removal plus defoliation gave the same number and mass of new fruit as the control”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fruit removal and defoliation slightly lowered mature papaya fruit TSS.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- Fruit removal plus defoliatione0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- slightly lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit removal plus defoliation gave the same number and mass of new fruit as the control and slightly lower TSS in mature fruit than in the control”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Papaya fruit sugar was higher with greater invertase activity and fruit age.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit sugar was higher with increased fruit invertase activity and fruit age”
t0“papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that source–sink balance is critical for papaya fruit set, development, and sugar accumulation.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayae0
- Outcome
- fruit set, development, and sugar accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- source–sink balancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“source–sink balance was critical for fruit set, development, and sugar accumulation in papaya”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · quality: sugar starch · Carica papaya (papaya)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
pruning · yield · Carica papaya (papaya)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.