Abstract
The effects of chemical or physical factors during pregermination imbibition phase, or on dry seeds, on embryo growth potential (EGP) was studied in lettuce (Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) and tomato (H-9889) seeds in relation to dormancy, invigoration, and vigor loss. Embryos were excised from treated seeds (washed if imbibed in chemical solutions) and their growth rate (a measure of EGP) followed at 25°C at high magnification (X55). Treated seeds were also germinated at 25°C. In lettuce seeds, dormancy inducing treatments, i.e., a 2-day dark soak at 25°C with 50–100 μM tetcyclacis (TCY) or a 2-day dark soak in water at 35°C, reduced the subsequent embryo growth and germination rate at 25°C. The reduction was prevented by 1 mM GA 4+7 or irradiation applied during dormancy induction. A -d osmoconditioning (OC) at 15C with -1.2 MPa PEG-8000 solution in light or in dark with added GA 4+7 enhanced the EGP; addition of TCY reduced the EGP and the TCY inhibition reversed by GA 4+7. A progressive reduction in EGP occurred with increase in vigor loss. In tomato seeds, a soak with 100 μM TCY in light or dark for 2 days at 30°C induced a dormancy, but had little effect on EGP. Application of GA 4+7 plus TCY prevented dormancy induction without affecting EGP. A 4-day matriconditioning (MC) at 25°C in light or dark with moist Micro-Cel E enhanced the EGP; TCY and/or GA added during MC, had little effect on EGP. EGP progressively decreased as the aging period increased. Thus, in lettuce, the EGP is coupled with the reversible –GA/+GA or phytochrome-controlled dormancy induction/release process, enabling germination, its inhibition, or its enhancement. In tomato, the EGP is not subject to light or GA control. Reduction in EGP, accompanying vigor loss in both seeds, is independent of light or GA action.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
In lettuce seeds, dormancy inducing treatments, i.e., a 2-day dark soak at 25°C with 50–100 μM tetcyclacis (TCY) or a 2-day dark soak in water at 35°C, reduced the subsequent embryo growth and germination rate at 25°C.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- a 2-day dark soak at 25°C with 50–100 μM tetcyclacis (TCY)e0
- Outcome
- embryo growth and germination ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In lettuce seeds, dormancy inducing treatments, i.e., a 2-day dark soak at 25°C with 50–100 μM tetcyclacis (TCY) or a 2-day dark soak in water at 35°C, reduced the subsequent embryo growth and germination rate at 25°C.”
Claim · model-written summary
a 2-day dark soak in water at 35°C, reduced the subsequent embryo growth and germination rate at 25°C
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- a 2-day dark soak in water at 35°Ce0
- Outcome
- embryo growth and germination ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 2-day dark soak in water at 35°C, reduced the subsequent embryo growth and germination rate at 25°C”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction was prevented by 1 mM GA 4+7 or irradiation applied during dormancy induction.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 1 mM GA 4+7e0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction was prevented by 1 mM GA 4+7 or irradiation applied during dormancy induction.”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction was prevented by 1 mM GA 4+7 or irradiation applied during dormancy induction.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- irradiatione0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction was prevented by 1 mM GA 4+7 or irradiation applied during dormancy induction.”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
A -d osmoconditioning (OC) at 15C with -1.2 MPa PEG-8000 solution in light or in dark with added GA 4+7 enhanced the EGP
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- A -d osmoconditioning (OC) at 15C with -1.2 MPa PEG-8000 solution in lighte0
- Outcome
- EGPe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A -d osmoconditioning (OC) at 15C with -1.2 MPa PEG-8000 solution in light or in dark with added GA 4+7 enhanced the EGP”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
in dark with added GA 4+7 enhanced the EGP
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- in dark with added GA 4+7e0
- Outcome
- EGPe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in dark with added GA 4+7 enhanced the EGP”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
addition of TCY reduced the EGP
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of TCYe0
- Outcome
- EGPe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of TCY reduced the EGP”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
the TCY inhibition reversed by GA 4+7
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7e0
- Outcome
- TCY inhibitione0
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the TCY inhibition reversed by GA 4+7”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
A progressive reduction in EGP occurred with increase in vigor loss.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- EGPe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- increase in vigor losse0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A progressive reduction in EGP occurred with increase in vigor loss.”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato seeds, a soak with 100 μM TCY in light or dark for 2 days at 30°C induced a dormancy, but had little effect on EGP.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- a soak with 100 μM TCY in light or dark for 2 days at 30°Ce0
- Outcome
- dormancye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato seeds, a soak with 100 μM TCY in light or dark for 2 days at 30°C induced a dormancy, but had little effect on EGP.”
Claim · model-written summary
a soak with 100 μM TCY in light or dark for 2 days at 30°C induced a dormancy, but had little effect on EGP
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- a soak with 100 μM TCY in light or dark for 2 days at 30°Ce0
- Outcome
- EGPe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a soak with 100 μM TCY in light or dark for 2 days at 30°C induced a dormancy, but had little effect on EGP”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of GA 4+7 plus TCY prevented dormancy induction without affecting EGP.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 plus TCYe0
- Outcome
- dormancy inductione0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of GA 4+7 plus TCY prevented dormancy induction without affecting EGP.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of GA 4+7 plus TCY prevented dormancy induction without affecting EGP.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 plus TCYe0
- Outcome
- EGPe0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of GA 4+7 plus TCY prevented dormancy induction without affecting EGP.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
A 4-day matriconditioning (MC) at 25°C in light or dark with moist Micro-Cel E enhanced the EGP
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- A 4-day matriconditioning (MC) at 25°C in light or dark with moist Micro-Cel Ee0
- Outcome
- EGPe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 4-day matriconditioning (MC) at 25°C in light or dark with moist Micro-Cel E enhanced the EGP”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TCY and/or GA added during MC, had little effect on EGP
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TCY and/or GA added during MCe0
- Outcome
- EGPe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TCY and/or GA added during MC, had little effect on EGP”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
EGP progressively decreased as the aging period increased.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- EGPe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- aging period increasede0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EGP progressively decreased as the aging period increased.”
t0“Tomato”
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