Abstract
Core Ideas Fall rye reduced pre‐plant nitrate by 2 to 18 times compared with tillage radish. Fall rye reduced dryland spring wheat grain yield by 38 to 58% compared with tillage radish. Pre‐plant soil NH 4 –N plus NO 3 –N explained 93% of spring wheat grain yield variability. Limited information about how cover crop management impacts the agronomic performance of succeeding annual crops in semiarid regions constrains cover crop utilization. Therefore, over 2 yr we quantified how cover crop species (fall rye [ Secale cereale L. ‘AC Remington’] or oilseed radish [ Raphanus sativus L. ‘Tillage radish’]) and nutrient source (compost or inorganic fertilizer) affected cover crop biomass and N uptake, soil nitrate N (NO 3 –N) and ammonium N (NH 4 –N), and the agronomic performance of the succeeding spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) test crop. Fall rye reduced pre‐plant NO 3 –N by 2 to 18 times compared with oilseed radish, and reduced spring wheat grain yields by 38 to 58% compared with amended soils with no cover crop and oilseed radish. Inorganically fertilized soils led to 21% greater pre‐plant soil NO 3 –N concentrations than the compost‐amended soil in 2013–2014 but nutrient source did not significantly affect NO 3 –N concentrations in 2014–2015. A quadratic function explained 93% of the variability between pre‐plant soil NH 4 –N plus NO 3 –N (0–7.5‐cm depth) and spring wheat grain yield in 2014, indicating that the N supply limited spring wheat grain yield. We conclude that fall rye scavenged residual NO 3 –N better than oilseed radish during the non‐growing season, particularly during the spring period when this perennial species assimilates N, but under semiarid conditions it may decompose and mineralize too slowly to supply N at the right time for the subsequent crop, while oilseed radish tended to boost spring wheat grain yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fall rye reduced pre-plant soil nitrate by 2 to 18 times compared with oilseed radish.
Verbatim
e1“Fall rye reduced pre‐plant NO 3 –N by 2 to 18 times compared with oilseed radish”
t0“Fall Rye Reduced Residual Soil Nitrate and Dryland Spring Wheat Grain Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall rye reduced spring wheat grain yield by 38-58% compared with amended soils with no cover crop and oilseed radish.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Treatment
- Fall Ryet0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 38 to 58%e2
- Comparator
- amended soils with no cover crop and oilseed radishe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“reduced spring wheat grain yields by 38 to 58% compared with amended soils with no cover crop and oilseed radish”
t0“Fall Rye Reduced Residual Soil Nitrate and Dryland Spring Wheat Grain Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganically fertilized soils had 21% greater pre-plant soil nitrate than compost-amended soil in 2013-2014.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inorganically fertilizede3
- Outcome
- pre‐plant soil NO 3 –N concentrationse3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Value
- 21%e3
- Comparator
- compost‐amended soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Inorganically fertilized soils led to 21% greater pre‐plant soil NO 3 –N concentrations than the compost‐amended soil”
t0“Fall Rye Reduced Residual Soil Nitrate and Dryland Spring Wheat Grain Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient source did not significantly affect soil nitrate concentrations in 2014-2015.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nutrient sourcee4
- Outcome
- NO 3 –N concentrationse4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“nutrient source did not significantly affect NO 3 –N concentrations in 2014–2015”
t0“Fall Rye Reduced Residual Soil Nitrate and Dryland Spring Wheat Grain Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
A quadratic function explained 93% of the variability between pre-plant soil NH4-N plus NO3-N and spring wheat grain yield in 2014.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Compound
- NH 4 –N plus NO 3 –Ne5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Value
- 93%e5
- Qualifier
- quadratic functione5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“A quadratic function explained 93% of the variability between pre‐plant soil NH 4 –N plus NO 3 –N (0–7.5‐cm depth) and spring wheat grain yield in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply limited spring wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Outcome
- spring wheat grain yielde6
- Qualifier
- N supplye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“indicating that the N supply limited spring wheat grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall rye scavenged residual soil nitrate better than oilseed radish during the non-growing season.
Verbatim
e7“fall rye scavenged residual NO 3 –N better than oilseed radish during the non‐growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall rye may decompose and mineralize too slowly under semiarid conditions to supply N at the right time.
Verbatim
e7“fall rye scavenged residual NO 3 –N better than oilseed radish during the non‐growing season”
e5“under semiarid conditions it may decompose and mineralize too slowly to supply N at the right time”
Claim · model-written summary
Oilseed radish tended to boost spring wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- oilseed radishe5
- Outcome
- spring wheat grain yielde5
- Direction
- booste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“oilseed radish tended to boost spring wheat grain yield”
The same questions in other papers
Raphanus sativus · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.