Abstract
Firmness changes while maturation of apple fruit (Malus domestica BORKH. ssp. domestica) were investigated. Fruits were measured on tree with the acoustic impulse response technique. The acoustic impulse response technique is a non-destructive method and known to be useful to monitor firmness changes of fruit in storage. The purpose of the presented research was to find out if firmness changes during maturation of apple fruit on the trees could be detected. Apples were subject to measurement before and after commercial harvest date. Bloom of the trees and weather data were noted. Weekly the same apples were measured on the trees. About 18 of these apples were picked each week for reference. These were brought in cool storage, then were measured the next day with: a Minolta colorimeter, the acoustic impulse response technique, a balance, a universal testing machine for Magness-Taylor-firmness (MT-firmness) test. The deviation of natural frequencies between apples is bigger than the decrease in frequency of a single apple measured continuously on a tree. Acoustic impulse response values that were measured a day after harvest indicate no significant change in firmness of apples during the experiment period. Mass, MT-firmness and -a/b ratio are presented to document the development of the apples. The mass of the fruit increased and the MT-firmness, chlorophyll-content-measure and mid air temperature decreased over time.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Variation in natural frequencies between apples exceeded the within-apple decrease during on-tree measurements.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Outcome
- deviation of natural frequenciese0
- Direction
- biggere0
- Comparator
- decrease in frequency of a single applee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The deviation of natural frequencies between apples is bigger than the decrease in frequency of a single apple measured continuously on a tree.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acoustic impulse response indicated no significant change in apple firmness over the experiment.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- firmness of applese0
- Direction
- no significant changee0
- Comparator
- during the experiment periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acoustic impulse response values that were measured a day after harvest indicate no significant change in firmness of apples during the experiment period.”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple fruit mass increased over time.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- mass of the fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- over timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mass of the fruit increased and the MT-firmness, chlorophyll-content-measure and mid air temperature decreased over time.”
e1“apple fruit (Malus domestica BORKH. ssp. domestica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple MT-firmness decreased over time.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- MT-firmnesse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- over timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mass of the fruit increased and the MT-firmness, chlorophyll-content-measure and mid air temperature decreased over time.”
e1“apple fruit (Malus domestica BORKH. ssp. domestica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple chlorophyll-content measure decreased over time.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll-content-measuree0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- over timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mass of the fruit increased and the MT-firmness, chlorophyll-content-measure and mid air temperature decreased over time.”
e1“apple fruit (Malus domestica BORKH. ssp. domestica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-air temperature decreased during the apple experiment.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- mid air temperaturee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- over timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mass of the fruit increased and the MT-firmness, chlorophyll-content-measure and mid air temperature decreased over time.”
e1“apple fruit (Malus domestica BORKH. ssp. domestica)”