Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of the fungicides benomyl, dodine and penconazole and the growth regulators CPPU and paclobutrazol on pollen germination and tube growth, the microtubular organization of pollen tubes and total pollen polypeptides in the apple cvs Golden Delicious and Red Delicious. Each chemical showed a specific effect in at least one of the assayed functions. The fungicides confirmed their inhibitory effect on pollen germinaton. The most marked effects were recorded in both cultivars for dodine and benomyl when applied at field rates; penconazole showed a stronger inhibition in Golden Delicious than in Red Delicious when applied at field rate. By contrast, the tested growth regulators exerted a slight promotion of pollen germination. CPPU seemed not to alter the microtubular organization in Golden Delicious when applied ar rates ranging from routine field concentration to as much as three times this dosage, while paclobutrazol induced an anomalous disposition of tubuline when applied ar triple the field rate. The three assayed fungicides produced polypeptide patterns in a different way when compared to their effect on pollen germination, The effects of these chemicals on pollen gene regulation needs to be elucidated as their mechanisms of action are in many cases still unknown.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicides inhibited pollen germination in apple.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- fungicidese1
- Outcome
- pollen germinatone1
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the apple cvs Golden Delicious and Red Delicious”
e1“The fungicides confirmed their inhibitory effect on pollen germinaton”
Claim · model-written summary
Dodine and benomyl at field rates had the most marked effects in both apple cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- dodine and benomyl when applied at field ratese2
- Outcome
- effectse2
- Direction
- most markede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the apple cvs Golden Delicious and Red Delicious”
e2“The most marked effects were recorded in both cultivars for dodine and benomyl when applied at field rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Penconazole at field rate inhibited pollen germination more strongly in Golden Delicious than in Red Delicious.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse3
- Treatment
- penconazolee3
- Outcome
- inhibitione3
- Direction
- strongere3
- Comparator
- Red Deliciouse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the apple cvs Golden Delicious and Red Delicious”
e3“penconazole showed a stronger inhibition in Golden Delicious than in Red Delicious when applied at field rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested growth regulators slightly promoted pollen germination in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorse4
- Outcome
- pollen germinatione4
- Direction
- promotione4
- Qualifier
- slighte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the apple cvs Golden Delicious and Red Delicious”
e4“By contrast, the tested growth regulators exerted a slight promotion of pollen germination”
Claim · model-written summary
CPPU did not alter the microtubular organization in Golden Delicious at rates up to three times the field concentration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse5
- Treatment
- CPPUe5
- Outcome
- microtubular organizatione5
- Qualifier
- when applied ar rates ranging from routine field concentration to as much as three times this dosagee5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the apple cvs Golden Delicious and Red Delicious”
e5“CPPU seemed not to alter the microtubular organization in Golden Delicious when applied ar rates ranging from routine field concentration to as much as three times this dosage”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol at triple the field rate induced an anomalous disposition of tubulin.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole6
- Outcome
- anomalous disposition of tubulinee6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the apple cvs Golden Delicious and Red Delicious”
e6“while paclobutrazol induced an anomalous disposition of tubuline when applied ar triple the field rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The three assayed fungicides produced pollen polypeptide patterns in a different way from their effect on pollen germination.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- three assayed fungicidese7
- Outcome
- produced polypeptide patterns in a different waye7
- Qualifier
- compared to their effect on pollen germinatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the apple cvs Golden Delicious and Red Delicious”
e7“The three assayed fungicides produced polypeptide patterns in a different way when compared to their effect on pollen germination”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.