Abstract
Fungicides and insecticides used at the recommended rate, and reduced recommended rates were applied at low volume (100 L ha-1) to apple trees in field experiments in South Australia from 1985 to 1988. At harvest the incidence of fruit damaged by fungi and insects was assessed on Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, Jonathan and Granny Smith cultivars. Mixtures of penconazole and mancozeb applied at the recommended rates of 800 mL and 4.5 kg ha-1 respectively as well as 25% and 10% of the recommended rates controlled apple scab completely in 1986, but were less effective in 1987. Azinphos-methyl applied at the recommended rate of 2.7 kg and 25% of the recommended rate reduced codling moth infestation to commercially acceptable levels of <2 % on Red Delicious only in 1987. Considerable cost savings are possible by using low rates of pesticides. Our results suggest that the use of low rates is more applicable to low valued cultivars such as Jonathans and orchards with low levels of pest and disease.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Penconazole plus mancozeb at full, 25%, and 10% rates completely controlled apple scab in 1986.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- penconazole and mancozebe0
- Outcome
- apple scabe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Qualifier
- in 1986e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixtures of penconazole and mancozeb applied at the recommended rates of 800 mL and 4.5 kg ha-1 respectively as well as 25% and 10% of the recommended rates controlled apple scab completely in 1986, but were less effective in 1987.”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture was less effective against apple scab in 1987.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- penconazole and mancozebe0
- Outcome
- apple scabe0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- 1986e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixtures of penconazole and mancozeb applied at the recommended rates of 800 mL and 4.5 kg ha-1 respectively as well as 25% and 10% of the recommended rates controlled apple scab completely in 1986, but were less effective in 1987.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azinphos-methyl at full or 25% rate kept codling moth infestation under 2% on Red Delicious only in 1987.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Red Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- Azinphos-methyle0
- Interactor
- codling moth
Cydia pomonellae0pest - Outcome
- codling moth infestatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- <2 %e0
- Qualifier
- only in 1987e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azinphos-methyl applied at the recommended rate of 2.7 kg and 25% of the recommended rate reduced codling moth infestation to commercially acceptable levels of <2 % on Red Delicious only in 1987.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Low pesticide rates could save costs.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- low rates of pesticidese0
- Outcome
- cost savingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable cost savings are possible by using low rates of pesticides.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Low pesticide rates are suggested for lower valued cultivars and low pest pressure orchards.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Jonathanse0
- Outcome
- use of low ratese0
- Qualifier
- orchards with low levels of pest and diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results suggest that the use of low rates is more applicable to low valued cultivars such as Jonathans and orchards with low levels of pest and disease.”
t0“apples”
The same questions in other papers
mancozeb · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →penconazole · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →azinphos-methyl · Cydia pomonella · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.