Abstract
Abstract A 3‐year field trial was conducted using established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak ( Quercus robur L.) to assess the efficacy of eight fungicides applied via microcapsule trunk injection against the foliar pathogens apple scab ( Venturia inaequalis ) and powdery mildew ( Phyllactinia sp). In both apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak, the fungicide myclobutanil was not taken up when microcapsules were inserted into the tree vascular system at the root flare. Disease severity in injected trees, excluding myclobutanil, was lower over the following two growing seasons compared to water‐injected controls indicating seven of the eight fungicides used in this study provided a significant degree of protection against scab and powdery mildew infection. A difference in the magnitude of pathogen control achieved was recorded between fungicides. Of the fungicides tested, penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim significantly reduced disease severity and significantly increased leaf chlorophyll (Fv/Fm) and SPAD values as a measure of tree vitality and chlorophyll content, respectively, in both apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak over two growing seasons after microcapsule injection. Based on the results of this investigation, it is suggested that these three fungicides be used in preference to thiabendazole, fosetyl‐aluminium, triadimefon and propiconazole for the control of apple scab and powdery mildew where outbreaks of these foliar pathogens are problematic.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Myclobutanil was not taken up by apple trees after microcapsule injection.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Compound
- myclobutanile1
- Outcome
- the fungicide myclobutanil was not taken upe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e1“the fungicide myclobutanil was not taken up when microcapsules were inserted into the tree vascular system at the root flare”
Claim · model-written summary
Myclobutanil was not taken up by English oak trees after microcapsule injection.
- Taxon
- English oak
Quercus robure0 - Compound
- myclobutanile1
- Outcome
- the fungicide myclobutanil was not taken upe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e1“the fungicide myclobutanil was not taken up when microcapsules were inserted into the tree vascular system at the root flare”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity in apple trees injected with microcapsules, excluding myclobutanil, was lower than in water-injected controls.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- microcapsules were inserted into the tree vascular systeme1
- Outcome
- Disease severitye2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- excluding myclobutanile2
- Comparator
- water‐injected controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e1“the fungicide myclobutanil was not taken up when microcapsules were inserted into the tree vascular system at the root flare”
e2“Disease severity in injected trees, excluding myclobutanil, was lower over the following two growing seasons”
e3“compared to water‐injected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity in English oak trees injected with microcapsules, excluding myclobutanil, was lower than in water-injected controls.
- Taxon
- English oakQuercus robure0
- Treatment
- microcapsules were inserted into the tree vascular systeme1
- Outcome
- Disease severitye2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- water‐injected controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e1“the fungicide myclobutanil was not taken up when microcapsules were inserted into the tree vascular system at the root flare”
e2“Disease severity in injected trees, excluding myclobutanil, was lower over the following two growing seasons”
e3“compared to water‐injected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven of the eight fungicides gave a significant degree of protection against scab and powdery mildew in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- seven of the eight fungicidese4
- Outcome
- scab and powdery mildew infectione4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
- Comparator
- water‐injected controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e3“compared to water‐injected controls”
e4“seven of the eight fungicides used in this study provided a significant degree of protection against scab and powdery mildew infection”
Claim · model-written summary
The magnitude of pathogen control differed between fungicides in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- magnitude of pathogen controle5
- Qualifier
- between fungicidese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e5“A difference in the magnitude of pathogen control achieved was recorded between fungicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim significantly reduced disease severity in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazime6
- Outcome
- disease severitye6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e6“penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim significantly reduced disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim significantly reduced disease severity in English oak.
- Taxon
- English oakQuercus robure0
- Treatment
- penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazime6
- Outcome
- disease severitye6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e6“penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim significantly reduced disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim significantly increased leaf chlorophyll (Fv/Fm) and SPAD values in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazime6
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll (Fv/Fm) and SPAD valuese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e6“penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim significantly reduced disease severity”
e7“significantly increased leaf chlorophyll (Fv/Fm) and SPAD values”
Claim · model-written summary
Penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim significantly increased leaf chlorophyll (Fv/Fm) and SPAD values in English oak.
- Taxon
- English oakQuercus robure0
- Treatment
- penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazime6
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll (Fv/Fm) and SPAD valuese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e6“penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim significantly reduced disease severity”
e7“significantly increased leaf chlorophyll (Fv/Fm) and SPAD values”
Claim · model-written summary
Penconazole, pyrifenox and carbendazim should be used in preference to thiabendazole for apple scab and powdery mildew control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- control of apple scab and powdery mildewe5
- Comparator
- thiabendazolee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“established apple cv. Crown Gold and English oak”
e5“for the control of apple scab and powdery mildew where outbreaks of these foliar pathogens are problematic”
e6“in preference to thiabendazole”
The same questions in other papers
penconazole · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →carbendazim · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →fungicide · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.