Abstract
Salt impedes plant growth and yield. This study was conducted to explore the effect of plant growth stimulants (seaweed extract, humic acid) and potassium sulfate in alleviating salt stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Initially, 10 barley genotypes were germinated in a growth chamber at five salt levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%). Increasing salt concentration reduced germination percent, the speed of germination, and seedling weight. One salt-tolerant genotype (Sharqiya Estate) and one salt-sensitive genotype (Red Sea) were selected and planted in greenhouse pots containing 2 kg of sand, then subjected to 10 and 15 dS m-1 salt levels using CaCl2.2H2O: NaCl (2:1) mixed with Hoagland solution. Four treatments consisting of (1) control (Hoagland solution), (2) seaweed extract at 4 Kg ha-1, (3) humic acid at 28 L ha-1, and (4) potassium sulfate at 300 Kg ha-1 were applied to each genotype under both salt levels. Seaweed extract resulted in higher shoot dry weight in the salt-sensitive genotype under both salt levels and maintained a low Na+/K+ ratio compared with humic acid and potassium sulfate. It also resulted in higher relative yield, relative water content, higher proline, and lower electrolyte leakage in the susceptible genotype at 10 dS m-1, but the result was not different from humic acid and potassium sulfate treatments at 15 dS m-1. Seaweed extract resulted in the highest catalase activity at 15 dS m-1 in both genotypes, with higher magnitude in the salt-tolerant genotype. These results suggest that seaweed extract has potential in improving barley growth under salt stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salt reduced germination percentage, germination speed and seedling weight.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Increasing salt concentratione0
- Outcome
- germination percent, the speed of germination, and seedling weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salt concentration reduced germination percent, the speed of germination, and seedling weight.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract increased shoot dry weight in the salt-sensitive genotype at both salt levels versus humic acid and potassium sulfate.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- salt-sensitive genotypee0
- Treatment
- Seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under both salt levelse0
- Comparator
- humic acid and potassium sulfatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seaweed extract resulted in higher shoot dry weight in the salt-sensitive genotype under both salt levels and maintained a low Na+/K+ ratio compared with humic acid and potassium sulfate.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract maintained a low Na+/K+ ratio relative to humic acid and potassium sulfate.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- salt-sensitive genotypee0
- Treatment
- Seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- humic acid and potassium sulfatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seaweed extract resulted in higher shoot dry weight in the salt-sensitive genotype under both salt levels and maintained a low Na+/K+ ratio compared with humic acid and potassium sulfate.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 dS m-1, seaweed extract increased relative yield and water content in the susceptible genotype.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- susceptible genotypee0
- Treatment
- seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- relative yield, relative water contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 10 dS m-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also resulted in higher relative yield, relative water content, higher proline, and lower electrolyte leakage in the susceptible genotype at 10 dS m-1”
t0“Barley”
e1“Seaweed extract resulted in higher shoot dry weight in the salt-sensitive genotype under both salt levels and maintained a low Na+/K+ ratio compared with humic acid and potassium sulfate.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 dS m-1, seaweed extract increased proline in the susceptible genotype.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- susceptible genotypee0
- Treatment
- seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 10 dS m-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also resulted in higher relative yield, relative water content, higher proline, and lower electrolyte leakage in the susceptible genotype at 10 dS m-1”
t0“Barley”
e1“Seaweed extract resulted in higher shoot dry weight in the salt-sensitive genotype under both salt levels and maintained a low Na+/K+ ratio compared with humic acid and potassium sulfate.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 dS m-1, seaweed extract lowered electrolyte leakage in the susceptible genotype.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- susceptible genotypee0
- Treatment
- seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 10 dS m-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also resulted in higher relative yield, relative water content, higher proline, and lower electrolyte leakage in the susceptible genotype at 10 dS m-1”
t0“Barley”
e1“Seaweed extract resulted in higher shoot dry weight in the salt-sensitive genotype under both salt levels and maintained a low Na+/K+ ratio compared with humic acid and potassium sulfate.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 dS m-1 these seaweed extract results did not differ from humic acid and potassium sulfate.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- the resulte0
- Direction
- not differente0
- Qualifier
- 15 dS m-1e0
- Comparator
- humic acid and potassium sulfate treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the result was not different from humic acid and potassium sulfate treatments at 15 dS m-1.”
t0“Barley”
e1“Seaweed extract resulted in higher shoot dry weight in the salt-sensitive genotype under both salt levels and maintained a low Na+/K+ ratio compared with humic acid and potassium sulfate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract gave the highest catalase activity at 15 dS m-1 in both genotypes, more strongly in the tolerant genotype.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- catalase activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- at 15 dS m-1 in both genotypes, with higher magnitude in the salt-tolerant genotypee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seaweed extract resulted in the highest catalase activity at 15 dS m-1 in both genotypes, with higher magnitude in the salt-tolerant genotype.”
t0“Barley”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.