Abstract
The hydrogel amendments may improve seedling growth and establishment by increasing water retention capacity of soils and regulating the plants available water supplies, particularly under arid environments. The effects of different levels of a locally prepared hydrogel were studied on the moisture properties of sandy loam and loam soils (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplargids, USDA, Luvic Yermosol, FAO) and on growth response of three plant species, viz. barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Water absorption by gel was rapid and highest in distilled water and was inhibited by an increase in water salinity. The addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% hydrogel increased the moisture retention (θr) at field capacity linearly (r = 0.988) and thus the amount of plant available water significantly in both sandy loam and loam soils compared to the untreated soils. Seed germination of wheat and barley was not affected but seedling growth of both species was improved by the gel amendment. In loam soil, seed germination of chickpea was higher with 0.2% gel and seedling growth increased with increase in gel level compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment caused a delay by 4-5 days in wilting of seedlings grown in both soils compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment was effective in improving soil moisture availability and thus increased plant establishment. However, the varied responses of plant species in sandy loam and loam soils warrant further studies on the behaviour of different soil types with gel amendments.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel absorbed water most rapidly and strongly in distilled water, while salinity inhibited absorption.
- Taxon
- barley, wheat and chickpea
Cicer arietinum.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- Water absorption by gele0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Water absorption by gel was rapid and highest in distilled water and was inhibited by an increase in water salinity”
t0“barley, wheat and chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 0.1–0.3% hydrogel increased field-capacity moisture retention linearly in both soils versus untreated soil.
- Taxon
- barley, wheat and chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% hydrogele0
- Outcome
- moisture retention (θr)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- r = 0.988e0
- Comparator
- untreated soilse0
- Setting
- sandy loam and loam soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% hydrogel increased the moisture retention (θr) at field capacity linearly (r = 0.988) and thus the amount of plant available water significantly in both sandy loam and loam soils compared to the untreated soils”
t0“barley, wheat and chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel increased plant-available water significantly in both soils.
- Taxon
- barley, wheat and chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% hydrogele0
- Outcome
- plant available watere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated soilse0
- Setting
- sandy loam and loam soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% hydrogel increased the moisture retention (θr) at field capacity linearly (r = 0.988) and thus the amount of plant available water significantly in both sandy loam and loam soils compared to the untreated soils”
t0“barley, wheat and chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel did not affect wheat seed germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- gel amendmente0
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination of wheat and barley was not affected but seedling growth of both species was improved by the gel amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel did not affect barley seed germination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- gel amendmente0
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination of wheat and barley was not affected but seedling growth of both species was improved by the gel amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved wheat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- gel amendmente0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination of wheat and barley was not affected but seedling growth of both species was improved by the gel amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved barley seedling growth.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- gel amendmente0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination of wheat and barley was not affected but seedling growth of both species was improved by the gel amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
In loam soil, 0.2% gel increased chickpea seed germination.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- 0.2% gele0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control conditionse0
- Setting
- loam soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In loam soil, seed germination of chickpea was higher with 0.2% gel and seedling growth increased with increase in gel level compared with control conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
In loam soil, chickpea seedling growth increased with gel level.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- gel levele0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control conditionse0
- Setting
- loam soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In loam soil, seed germination of chickpea was higher with 0.2% gel and seedling growth increased with increase in gel level compared with control conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel delayed seedling wilting by 4-5 days in both soils versus control.
- Taxon
- barley, wheat and chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- hydrogel amendmente0
- Outcome
- wilting of seedlingse0
- Direction
- delaye0
- Value
- 4-5 dayse0
- Comparator
- control conditionse0
- Setting
- both soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hydrogel amendment caused a delay by 4-5 days in wilting of seedlings grown in both soils compared with control conditions”
t0“barley, wheat and chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel increased plant establishment.
- Taxon
- barley, wheat and chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- hydrogel amendmente0
- Outcome
- plant establishmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hydrogel amendment was effective in improving soil moisture availability and thus increased plant establishment”
t0“barley, wheat and chickpea”
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