Abstract
The drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting crop productivity especially in sandy soils in arid and semi-arid areas. So, using soil amendments such as vermicompost (VC), biochar (BC), and polymer (PL) are more important in these areas. Lysimeter experiments with sandy soil were carried out at Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt to study the effect of 0.4% PL, 4.0% VC and 1.0% BC (W:W soil) on productivity of wheat (2018/019) and maize (2019) under tow irrigation levels (irrigation after depletion of 50% and 75% from available water). The obtained results indicated that irrigation at 75% moisture depletion (irrigation deficit) decreased plant height, 100-grain weight, grain and straw yields, water applied to wheat (-16.8%) and maize (-20%) compared to that with higher irrigation level (50% depletion). Also, water productivity was slightly decreased for wheat, but it slightly increased for maize and ECe values were slightly increased due to irrigation deficit. Also, applications of soil amendments and their combinations significantly increased plant height, 100-grain weight, and yield and water productivity of both crops and improved soil porosity and field capacity. The VC was more effective followed by BC and PL, while their interactions were the most effective on these parameters. Moreover, soil amendments alleviated the deleterious effects of irrigation deficit on plant growth and salt accumulation. Finally, applying BC combined with VC and PL could be recommended as a good approach to maintain long-term productivity of sandy soils and mitigate the hazardous effects of drought stresses.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation deficit decreased wheat plant height, grain weight, and grain and straw yields.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- irrigation at 75% moisture depletione0
- Outcome
- plant height, 100-grain weight, grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- higher irrigation level (50% depletion)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 75% moisture depletion (irrigation deficit) decreased plant height, 100-grain weight, grain and straw yields, water applied to wheat (-16.8%) and maize (-20%) compared to that with higher irrigation level (50% depletion).”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation deficit decreased maize plant height, grain weight, and grain and straw yields.
- Treatment
- irrigation at 75% moisture depletione0
- Outcome
- plant height, 100-grain weight, grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- higher irrigation level (50% depletion)e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 75% moisture depletion (irrigation deficit) decreased plant height, 100-grain weight, grain and straw yields, water applied to wheat (-16.8%) and maize (-20%) compared to that with higher irrigation level (50% depletion).”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat water applied decreased by 16.8% under irrigation deficit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 75% moisture depletione1
- Outcome
- water appliede0
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- -16.8%e0
- Comparator
- higher irrigation level (50% depletion)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water applied to wheat (-16.8%) and maize (-20%) compared to that with higher irrigation level (50% depletion).”
e1“irrigation at 75% moisture depletion (irrigation deficit) decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize water applied decreased by 20% under irrigation deficit.
- Treatment
- irrigation at 75% moisture depletione1
- Outcome
- water appliede0
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- -20%e0
- Comparator
- higher irrigation level (50% depletion)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water applied to wheat (-16.8%) and maize (-20%) compared to that with higher irrigation level (50% depletion).”
e1“irrigation at 75% moisture depletion (irrigation deficit) decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat water productivity decreased slightly with irrigation deficit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- irrigation deficite1
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- slightly decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water productivity was slightly decreased for wheat, but it slightly increased for maize”
e1“ECe values were slightly increased due to irrigation deficit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize water productivity increased slightly with irrigation deficit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water productivity was slightly decreased for wheat, but it slightly increased for maize”
e1“ECe values were slightly increased due to irrigation deficit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation deficit slightly increased soil ECe.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ECe values were slightly increased due to irrigation deficit.”
e1“wheat, but it slightly increased for maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments significantly increased wheat growth, yield and water productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- soil amendments and their combinationse0
- Outcome
- plant height, 100-grain weight, and yield and water productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications of soil amendments and their combinations significantly increased plant height, 100-grain weight, and yield and water productivity of both crops”
e1“productivity of wheat (2018/019) and maize (2019)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments significantly increased maize growth, yield and water productivity.
- Treatment
- soil amendments and their combinationse0
- Outcome
- plant height, 100-grain weight, and yield and water productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications of soil amendments and their combinations significantly increased plant height, 100-grain weight, and yield and water productivity of both crops”
e1“productivity of wheat (2018/019) and maize (2019)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments improved soil porosity and field capacity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- soil amendments and their combinationse0
- Outcome
- soil porosity and field capacitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil amendments and their combinations significantly increased plant height, 100-grain weight, and yield and water productivity of both crops and improved soil porosity and field capacity.”
e1“wheat (2018/019) and maize (2019)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost was more effective than biochar and polymer, while combinations were most effective.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- VCe0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- BC and PLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The VC was more effective followed by BC and PL, while their interactions were the most effective on these parameters.”
e1“wheat (2018/019) and maize (2019)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments alleviated irrigation-deficit effects on plant growth and salt accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- soil amendmentse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and salt accumulatione0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil amendments alleviated the deleterious effects of irrigation deficit on plant growth and salt accumulation.”
e1“wheat (2018/019) and maize (2019)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend biochar combined with vermicompost and polymer to maintain productivity and mitigate drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- applying BC combined with VC and PLe0
- Outcome
- maintain long-term productivity of sandy soils and mitigate the hazardous effects of drought stressese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying BC combined with VC and PL could be recommended as a good approach to maintain long-term productivity of sandy soils and mitigate the hazardous effects of drought stresses.”
e1“wheat (2018/019) and maize (2019)”
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