Abstract
Salinity tolerance is a multifaceted trait attributed to various mechanisms. Wild barley is highly specialized to grow under severe environmental conditions of Tibet and is well-known for its diverse germplasm with high tolerance to abiotic stresses. The present study focused on determining the profile of the expression of isoforms of the HvNHX gene in 36 wild and two cultivated barley under salt stress. Our findings revealed that in leaves and roots, expression of HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 in XZ16 and CM72 was upregulated at all times as compared with sensitive ones. The HvNHX2 and HvNHX4 isoforms were also induced by salt stress, although not to the same extent as HvNHX1 and HvNHX3. Gene expression analysis revealed that HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 are the candidate genes that could have the function of regulators of ions by sequestration of Na + in the vacuole. HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 showed a wide range of sequence variations in an amplicon, identified via single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Evaluation of the sequencing data of 38 barley genotypes, including Tibetan wild and cultivated varieties, showed polymorphisms, including SNPs, and small insertion and deletion (INDEL) sites in the targeted genes HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 . Comprehensive analysis of the results revealed that Tibetan wild barley has distinctive alleles of HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 which confer tolerance to salinity. Furthermore, less sodium accumulation was observed in the root of XZ16 than the other genotypes as visualized by CoroNa-Green, a sodium-specific fluorophore. XZ16 is the tolerant genotype, showing least reduction of root and leaf dry weight under moderate (150 mM) and severe (300 mM) NaCl stress. Evaluation of genetic variation and identification of salt tolerance mechanism in wild barley could be promoting approaches to unravel the novel alleles involved in salinity tolerance.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 expression in leaves and roots of XZ16 and CM72 was upregulated at all times under salt stress compared with sensitive genotypes.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree2 - Material
- XZ16 and CM72e1
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse1
- Treatment
- salt stresse2
- Gene
- HvNHX1 and HvNHX3e1
- Outcome
- expressione1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
- Qualifier
- at all timese1
- Comparator
- sensitive onese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“in leaves and roots, expression of HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 in XZ16 and CM72 was upregulated at all times as compared with sensitive ones”
e2“expression of isoforms of the HvNHX gene in 36 wild and two cultivated barley under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
HvNHX2 and HvNHX4 were induced by salt stress, though to a lesser extent than HvNHX1 and HvNHX3.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- salt stresse3
- Gene
- HvNHX2 and HvNHX4e3
- Outcome
- expressione2
- Direction
- inducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The HvNHX2 and HvNHX4 isoforms were also induced by salt stress, although not to the same extent as HvNHX1 and HvNHX3”
e2“expression of isoforms of the HvNHX gene in 36 wild and two cultivated barley under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 are proposed as candidate genes that sequester Na+ in the vacuole.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Gene
- HvNHX1 and HvNHX3e4
- Compound
- Na +e4
- Outcome
- sequestration of Na + in the vacuolee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 are the candidate genes that could have the function of regulators of ions by sequestration of Na + in the vacuole”
e2“expression of isoforms of the HvNHX gene in 36 wild and two cultivated barley under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 showed a wide range of sequence variations in an amplicon, identified via SNPs.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Gene
- HvNHX1 and HvNHX3e5
- Outcome
- sequence variationse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 showed a wide range of sequence variations in an amplicon, identified via single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)”
e2“expression of isoforms of the HvNHX gene in 36 wild and two cultivated barley under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequencing of 38 barley genotypes showed polymorphisms, including SNPs and INDEL sites, in HvNHX1 and HvNHX3.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree6
- Material
- 38 barley genotypese6
- Gene
- HvNHX1 and HvNHX3e6
- Outcome
- polymorphismse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Evaluation of the sequencing data of 38 barley genotypes, including Tibetan wild and cultivated varieties, showed polymorphisms, including SNPs, and small insertion and deletion (INDEL) sites in the targeted genes HvNHX1 and HvNHX3”
e2“expression of isoforms of the HvNHX gene in 36 wild and two cultivated barley under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Distinctive alleles of HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 in Tibetan wild barley are proposed to confer salinity tolerance.
Verbatim
e7“Tibetan wild barley has distinctive alleles of HvNHX1 and HvNHX3 which confer tolerance to salinity”
e2“expression of isoforms of the HvNHX gene in 36 wild and two cultivated barley under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Less sodium accumulation was observed in the root of XZ16 than in the other genotypes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Material
- XZ16e3
- Organ / stage
- roote3
- Compound
- sodiume3
- Outcome
- sodium accumulatione3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Comparator
- other genotypese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“less sodium accumulation was observed in the root of XZ16 than the other genotypes as visualized by CoroNa-Green, a sodium-specific fluorophore”
e2“expression of isoforms of the HvNHX gene in 36 wild and two cultivated barley under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
XZ16 showed the least reduction of root and leaf dry weight under moderate and severe NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Material
- XZ16e3
- Treatment
- moderate (150 mM) and severe (300 mM) NaCl stresse3
- Outcome
- root and leaf dry weighte3
- Direction
- least reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“XZ16 is the tolerant genotype, showing least reduction of root and leaf dry weight under moderate (150 mM) and severe (300 mM) NaCl stress”
e2“expression of isoforms of the HvNHX gene in 36 wild and two cultivated barley under salt stress”
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