Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal grain and is known as a halophyte (a halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity). We therefore conducted a pot experiment to explore plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, stomatal properties, oxidative stress and antioxidant response and their associated gene expression and absorption of ions in H. Vulgare. The soil used for this analysis was artificially spiked at different salinity concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and different levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) were supplied to plants (0, 30 and 60 mM) shortly after germination of the seed. The results of the present study showed that plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, stomatal properties and ion uptake were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by salinity stress, whereas oxidative stress was induced in plants by generating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells/tissues compared to plants grown in the control treatment. Initially, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and relative gene expression increased to a saline level of 100 mM, and then decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing the saline level (150 mM) in the soil compared to plants grown at 0 mM of salinity. We also elucidated that negative impact of salt stress in H. vulgare plants can overcome by the exogenous application of AsA, which not only increased morpho-physiological traits but decreased oxidative stress in the plants by increasing activities of enzymatic antioxidants. We have also explained the negative effect of salt stress on H. vulgare can decrease by exogenous application of AsA, which not only improved morpho-physiological characteristics, ions accumulation in the roots and shoots of the plants, but decreased oxidative stress in plants by increasing antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic). Taken together, recognizing AsA's role in nutrient uptake introduces new possibilities for agricultural use of this compound and provides a valuable basis for improving plant tolerance and adaptability to potential salinity stress adjustment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced barley growth and biomass.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results of the present study showed that plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, stomatal properties and ion uptake were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by salinity stress, whereas oxidative stress was induced in plants by generating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells/tissues compared to plants grown in the control treatment.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced barley photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results of the present study showed that plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, stomatal properties and ion uptake were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by salinity stress, whereas oxidative stress was induced in plants by generating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells/tissues compared to plants grown in the control treatment.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced barley stomatal properties and ion uptake.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- stomatal properties and ion uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results of the present study showed that plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, stomatal properties and ion uptake were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by salinity stress, whereas oxidative stress was induced in plants by generating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells/tissues compared to plants grown in the control treatment.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species relative to controls.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results of the present study showed that plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, stomatal properties and ion uptake were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by salinity stress, whereas oxidative stress was induced in plants by generating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells/tissues compared to plants grown in the control treatment.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activity and relative gene expression increased through 100 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- saline level of 100 mMe0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes and relative gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0 mM of salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initially, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and relative gene expression increased to a saline level of 100 mM, and then decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing the saline level (150 mM) in the soil compared to plants grown at 0 mM of salinity.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 150 mM salinity, antioxidant enzyme activity and relative gene expression decreased significantly relative to zero salinity.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- saline level (150 mM)e0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes and relative gene expressione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 0 mM of salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initially, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and relative gene expression increased to a saline level of 100 mM, and then decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing the saline level (150 mM) in the soil compared to plants grown at 0 mM of salinity.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid increased barley morpho-physiological traits under salt stress.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of AsAe0
- Outcome
- morpho-physiological traitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We also elucidated that negative impact of salt stress in H. vulgare plants can overcome by the exogenous application of AsA, which not only increased morpho-physiological traits but decreased oxidative stress in the plants by increasing activities of enzymatic antioxidants.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid decreased barley oxidative stress under salt stress.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of AsAe0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We also elucidated that negative impact of salt stress in H. vulgare plants can overcome by the exogenous application of AsA, which not only increased morpho-physiological traits but decreased oxidative stress in the plants by increasing activities of enzymatic antioxidants.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid increased enzymatic antioxidant activities under salt stress.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of AsAe0
- Outcome
- activities of enzymatic antioxidantse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We also elucidated that negative impact of salt stress in H. vulgare plants can overcome by the exogenous application of AsA, which not only increased morpho-physiological traits but decreased oxidative stress in the plants by increasing activities of enzymatic antioxidants.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid improved ion accumulation in barley roots and shoots under salt stress.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of AsAe0
- Outcome
- ions accumulation in the roots and shootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We have also explained the negative effect of salt stress on H. vulgare can decrease by exogenous application of AsA, which not only improved morpho-physiological characteristics, ions accumulation in the roots and shoots of the plants, but decreased oxidative stress in plants by increasing antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic).”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid increased antioxidant compounds under salt stress.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of AsAe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We have also explained the negative effect of salt stress on H. vulgare can decrease by exogenous application of AsA, which not only improved morpho-physiological characteristics, ions accumulation in the roots and shoots of the plants, but decreased oxidative stress in plants by increasing antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic).”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
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